Ophthalmology and Laser Surgery Quiz
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Ophthalmology and Laser Surgery Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is required from the second circulating registered nurse during a laser procedure?

  • To provide eye protection for the patient
  • To document the activation of the laser
  • To perform the laser procedure
  • To manage additional requirements throughout the procedure (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT a requirement under the laser safety standards regarding eye protection?

  • Eye protection must be stored in individual cases when not in use.
  • Eye protection must be permanently labeled with the appropriate wavelength.
  • Eye protection should have adjustable side shields. (correct)
  • Eye protection must be inspected for damage prior to use.

    • What specific action should be taken regarding reflective surfaces in the controlled area?

  • Leave reflective surfaces uncovered for visibility.
  • Eliminate reflective surfaces to prevent glare. (correct)
  • Enhance reflective surfaces to improve lighting.
  • Cover reflective surfaces with laser-rated materials.

    • What is mandated for signage in areas where lasers are in use?

    <p>Laser-specific warning signs must be placed at all entrances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if there are breaches in laser safety protocol?

    <p>Inform the laser safety officer immediately.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bones is NOT part of the bony orbit?

    <p>Mandible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the lacrimal apparatus?

    <p>Producing and secreting tears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about extraocular muscles is accurate?

    <p>They operate in antagonistic pairs to facilitate eye movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the conjunctiva do?

    <p>Provides lubrication to the anterior ocular surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two clear liquids found within the globe of the eye?

    <p>Aqueous humor and vitreous humor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which portion of the conjunctiva lines the eyelids?

    <p>Palpebral portion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the nasolacrimal duct?

    <p>To drain tears into the nasal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes intraocular surgery?

    <p>Surgery involving interventions inside the eye globe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an increase in floaters typically indicate?

    <p>Potential detachment or damage to the retina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which surgical procedure involves inserting gas bubbles into the vitreal body?

    <p>Pneumatic Retinopexy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of laser treatment in diabetic retinopathy?

    <p>To prevent the growth of new retinal blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the indication for performing a vitrectomy?

    <p>To improve visual clarity obscured by blood from damaged vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the scleral buckling procedure, how is the retina reattached?

    <p>Using silicone to push down on the retina from outside the globe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a rare procedure performed with a cryoprobe to remove the lens within its capsule known as?

    <p>Intra Capsular Cataract Extraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does vitrectomy allow surgeons to do?

    <p>Visualize and treat the underlying retinal condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of cataract extraction involves phacoemulsification?

    <p>Extra Capsular Cataract Extraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which surgical technique applies burns to the peripheral retinal tissue?

    <p>Laser treatment for diabetic retinopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a cryotherapy machine in retinal surgery?

    <p>To cause inflammation that seals breaks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a condition characterized by one eye being lower than the other?

    <p>Hypotropia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the indication for enucleation?

    <p>Blind, painful eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which surgical procedure involves cutting and reattaching the eye muscle at a point further back?

    <p>Recession</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of surgery involves the removal of a chalazion?

    <p>Eyelid surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the operating microscope during ophthalmic surgeries?

    <p>To provide magnification and light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of strabismus, what does exotropia refer to?

    <p>Outward turning of one or both eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does pterygium excision involve?

    <p>Removal of conjunctival encroachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an expected outcome of strabismus surgery?

    <p>Realignment of eye position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of hypertropia?

    <p>One eye is significantly higher</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'A' in the acronym LASER represent?

    <p>Amplification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is laser light described as collimated?

    <p>It can maintain concentration over long distances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of laser light ensures that the waves travel in the same direction?

    <p>Coherent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary process through which lasers emit energy?

    <p>Emission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a characteristic of laser light?

    <p>Spectral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the term 'stimulated' in the context of lasers?

    <p>Activating photons to generate more photons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does passing a laser beam through a lens have?

    <p>It concentrates the light onto a tiny spot.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of a laser being monochromatic?

    <p>It has a single color or wavelength.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary energy transformation that occurs in a medical laser?

    <p>Electrical to optical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the term 'radiation' in the context of lasers?

    <p>The transmission of energy as light waves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Anatomy of the Eye

    • The bony orbit comprises seven bones: maxilla, palatine, frontal, sphenoid, zygomatic, ethmoid, and lacrimal.
    • Contains the globe, orbital fat, extraocular muscles, nerves, blood vessels, and part of the lacrimal apparatus.
    • Lacrimal glands produce tears that flow through ducts onto the ocular surface, ultimately draining into the nasolacrimal duct.
    • Eyelid structure includes skin, eyelashes and glands, subcutaneous tissue, lymphatics, and muscles.
    • Conjunctiva consists of palpebral (lining eyelids) and bulbar (covering the globe) portions.
    • Extraocular muscles include four recti (superior, inferior, medial, lateral) and two oblique muscles (superior, inferior), responsible for eye movement.

    Surgical Interventions

    Extraocular Surgeries

    • Strabismus surgery corrects ocular misalignment due to neuromuscular issues, common in children and adults.
    • Strabismus categorized into:
      • Esotropia: inward eye turn
      • Exotropia: outward eye turn
      • Hypertropia: one eye higher
      • Hypotropia: one eye lower
    • Muscle repair methods:
      • Recession: muscle cut and reattached further back.
      • Resection: segment of muscle removed, reattached shorter.
    • Enucleation involves complete eyeball removal, often indicated for painful or blind eyes, tumors, or trauma.
    • Other surgeries include chalazion removal, entropion and extropion repair, and pterygium excision.

    Retinal Surgery

    • Vitreous fluid supports eye shape and can lead to floaters as it degenerates, indicating possible retinal detachment.
    • Laser treatments and surgical methods, such as scleral buckling or pneumatic retinopexy, are used to repair retina-related issues.
    • For diabetic retinopathy, lasers apply burns to prevent neovascularization and retinal detachment.
    • Vitrectomy may be performed to remove opaque vitreous gel and improve vision.

    Intraocular Surgeries

    • Cataract surgery involves lens extraction, with techniques such as:
      • Extra Capsular Cataract Extraction (ECCE): anterior capsule ruptured, lens expressed while preserving the posterior capsule.
      • Intra Capsular Cataract Extraction (ICCE): lens removed within its capsule via cryoprobe.

    Lasers in Ophthalmology

    • Laser stands for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation, converting energy (usually electrical) into optical energy.
    • Medical lasers precisely treat or remove tissue and focus on tiny areas for surgeries.
    • Characteristics of laser light:
      • Collimated: remains focused over distances.
      • Coherent: waves organized and in phase.
      • Monochromatic: same color or wavelength.

    ORNAC Laser Safety Standards

    • Utilize laser safety checklists to ensure protocol adherence during procedures.
    • Limit room access to authorized personnel only; display appropriate warning signs.
    • Ensure personal protective equipment, including laser-specific eye protection, is available and inspected.
    • Maintain controlled environment: keep doors closed, reduce reflective surfaces, and have fire extinguishers on hand.
    • Protect patient’s eyes during procedures, especially under anesthesia.

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    Module 23: Ophthalmology (eye) and Laser Surgery PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the eye and various surgical interventions related to ophthalmology. This quiz covers key concepts from Alexander’s Care of the Patient in Surgery and Tighe's Instrumentation for the Operating Room, focusing on laser procedures. Prepare to challenge your understanding of current standards in eye surgery.

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