Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is required from the second circulating registered nurse during a laser procedure?
What is required from the second circulating registered nurse during a laser procedure?
- To provide eye protection for the patient
- To document the activation of the laser
- To perform the laser procedure
- To manage additional requirements throughout the procedure (correct)
Which of the following is NOT a requirement under the laser safety standards regarding eye protection?
Which of the following is NOT a requirement under the laser safety standards regarding eye protection?
- Eye protection must be stored in individual cases when not in use.
- Eye protection must be permanently labeled with the appropriate wavelength.
- Eye protection should have adjustable side shields. (correct)
- Eye protection must be inspected for damage prior to use.
What specific action should be taken regarding reflective surfaces in the controlled area?
What specific action should be taken regarding reflective surfaces in the controlled area?
- Leave reflective surfaces uncovered for visibility.
- Eliminate reflective surfaces to prevent glare. (correct)
- Enhance reflective surfaces to improve lighting.
- Cover reflective surfaces with laser-rated materials.
What is mandated for signage in areas where lasers are in use?
What is mandated for signage in areas where lasers are in use?
What should be done if there are breaches in laser safety protocol?
What should be done if there are breaches in laser safety protocol?
Which of the following bones is NOT part of the bony orbit?
Which of the following bones is NOT part of the bony orbit?
What is the primary function of the lacrimal apparatus?
What is the primary function of the lacrimal apparatus?
Which statement about extraocular muscles is accurate?
Which statement about extraocular muscles is accurate?
What does the conjunctiva do?
What does the conjunctiva do?
What are the two clear liquids found within the globe of the eye?
What are the two clear liquids found within the globe of the eye?
Which portion of the conjunctiva lines the eyelids?
Which portion of the conjunctiva lines the eyelids?
What is the purpose of the nasolacrimal duct?
What is the purpose of the nasolacrimal duct?
Which of the following best describes intraocular surgery?
Which of the following best describes intraocular surgery?
What does an increase in floaters typically indicate?
What does an increase in floaters typically indicate?
Which surgical procedure involves inserting gas bubbles into the vitreal body?
Which surgical procedure involves inserting gas bubbles into the vitreal body?
What is the primary purpose of laser treatment in diabetic retinopathy?
What is the primary purpose of laser treatment in diabetic retinopathy?
What is the indication for performing a vitrectomy?
What is the indication for performing a vitrectomy?
In the scleral buckling procedure, how is the retina reattached?
In the scleral buckling procedure, how is the retina reattached?
What is a rare procedure performed with a cryoprobe to remove the lens within its capsule known as?
What is a rare procedure performed with a cryoprobe to remove the lens within its capsule known as?
What does vitrectomy allow surgeons to do?
What does vitrectomy allow surgeons to do?
Which method of cataract extraction involves phacoemulsification?
Which method of cataract extraction involves phacoemulsification?
Which surgical technique applies burns to the peripheral retinal tissue?
Which surgical technique applies burns to the peripheral retinal tissue?
What is the purpose of using a cryotherapy machine in retinal surgery?
What is the purpose of using a cryotherapy machine in retinal surgery?
Which of the following is a condition characterized by one eye being lower than the other?
Which of the following is a condition characterized by one eye being lower than the other?
What is the indication for enucleation?
What is the indication for enucleation?
Which surgical procedure involves cutting and reattaching the eye muscle at a point further back?
Which surgical procedure involves cutting and reattaching the eye muscle at a point further back?
What type of surgery involves the removal of a chalazion?
What type of surgery involves the removal of a chalazion?
What is the primary purpose of the operating microscope during ophthalmic surgeries?
What is the primary purpose of the operating microscope during ophthalmic surgeries?
In the context of strabismus, what does exotropia refer to?
In the context of strabismus, what does exotropia refer to?
What does pterygium excision involve?
What does pterygium excision involve?
What is an expected outcome of strabismus surgery?
What is an expected outcome of strabismus surgery?
What is a key characteristic of hypertropia?
What is a key characteristic of hypertropia?
What does the 'A' in the acronym LASER represent?
What does the 'A' in the acronym LASER represent?
Why is laser light described as collimated?
Why is laser light described as collimated?
Which characteristic of laser light ensures that the waves travel in the same direction?
Which characteristic of laser light ensures that the waves travel in the same direction?
What is the primary process through which lasers emit energy?
What is the primary process through which lasers emit energy?
What is not a characteristic of laser light?
What is not a characteristic of laser light?
Which statement best describes the term 'stimulated' in the context of lasers?
Which statement best describes the term 'stimulated' in the context of lasers?
What effect does passing a laser beam through a lens have?
What effect does passing a laser beam through a lens have?
What is the implication of a laser being monochromatic?
What is the implication of a laser being monochromatic?
What is the primary energy transformation that occurs in a medical laser?
What is the primary energy transformation that occurs in a medical laser?
Which of the following best describes the term 'radiation' in the context of lasers?
Which of the following best describes the term 'radiation' in the context of lasers?
Study Notes
Anatomy of the Eye
- The bony orbit comprises seven bones: maxilla, palatine, frontal, sphenoid, zygomatic, ethmoid, and lacrimal.
- Contains the globe, orbital fat, extraocular muscles, nerves, blood vessels, and part of the lacrimal apparatus.
- Lacrimal glands produce tears that flow through ducts onto the ocular surface, ultimately draining into the nasolacrimal duct.
- Eyelid structure includes skin, eyelashes and glands, subcutaneous tissue, lymphatics, and muscles.
- Conjunctiva consists of palpebral (lining eyelids) and bulbar (covering the globe) portions.
- Extraocular muscles include four recti (superior, inferior, medial, lateral) and two oblique muscles (superior, inferior), responsible for eye movement.
Surgical Interventions
Extraocular Surgeries
- Strabismus surgery corrects ocular misalignment due to neuromuscular issues, common in children and adults.
- Strabismus categorized into:
- Esotropia: inward eye turn
- Exotropia: outward eye turn
- Hypertropia: one eye higher
- Hypotropia: one eye lower
- Muscle repair methods:
- Recession: muscle cut and reattached further back.
- Resection: segment of muscle removed, reattached shorter.
- Enucleation involves complete eyeball removal, often indicated for painful or blind eyes, tumors, or trauma.
- Other surgeries include chalazion removal, entropion and extropion repair, and pterygium excision.
Retinal Surgery
- Vitreous fluid supports eye shape and can lead to floaters as it degenerates, indicating possible retinal detachment.
- Laser treatments and surgical methods, such as scleral buckling or pneumatic retinopexy, are used to repair retina-related issues.
- For diabetic retinopathy, lasers apply burns to prevent neovascularization and retinal detachment.
- Vitrectomy may be performed to remove opaque vitreous gel and improve vision.
Intraocular Surgeries
- Cataract surgery involves lens extraction, with techniques such as:
- Extra Capsular Cataract Extraction (ECCE): anterior capsule ruptured, lens expressed while preserving the posterior capsule.
- Intra Capsular Cataract Extraction (ICCE): lens removed within its capsule via cryoprobe.
Lasers in Ophthalmology
- Laser stands for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation, converting energy (usually electrical) into optical energy.
- Medical lasers precisely treat or remove tissue and focus on tiny areas for surgeries.
- Characteristics of laser light:
- Collimated: remains focused over distances.
- Coherent: waves organized and in phase.
- Monochromatic: same color or wavelength.
ORNAC Laser Safety Standards
- Utilize laser safety checklists to ensure protocol adherence during procedures.
- Limit room access to authorized personnel only; display appropriate warning signs.
- Ensure personal protective equipment, including laser-specific eye protection, is available and inspected.
- Maintain controlled environment: keep doors closed, reduce reflective surfaces, and have fire extinguishers on hand.
- Protect patient’s eyes during procedures, especially under anesthesia.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the eye and various surgical interventions related to ophthalmology. This quiz covers key concepts from Alexander’s Care of the Patient in Surgery and Tighe's Instrumentation for the Operating Room, focusing on laser procedures. Prepare to challenge your understanding of current standards in eye surgery.
