Ophthalmic Testing Techniques
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following are types of visual field defects?

  • Pre-Chiasmal (correct)
  • Chiasmal (correct)
  • Post-Chiasmal (correct)
  • All of the above

What are the strategies used for testing visual fields?

  • Kinetic (correct)
  • Static (correct)
  • Dynamic (correct)
  • All of the above

What is the name of the manual perimeter?

Goldmann perimeter

Automated perimetry is similar to Humphrey perimeter, but has fewer spots that are assessed. What does this stand for?

<p>Frequency Doubling Technology (FDT) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During automated perimetry, the patient fixates on a central dot, and the dots that shimmer/vibrate are clicked.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the different lighting techniques used in Anterior Segment evaluation?

<p>Diffuse Illumination (A), Indirect Illumination (B), Direct Illumination (C), Retroillumination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does TBUT stand for?

<p>Tear break-up time</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal value for TBUT?

<blockquote> <p>10 sec (B)</p> </blockquote> Signup and view all the answers

What factors influence the tear film break up time?

<p>Amount of time it takes for the last blink to the moment a dry spot appears on the cornea (A), Contact lens fitting (B), Position/coverage (C), Contration (D), Movement (E), Alignment (F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the test used to measure the tear production?

<p>Schirmer's test</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the common phrases used when performing a Schirmer's test?

<p>I'm going to measure your tear production (A), I'm going to measure the amount of tears your eye produces (B), I'm going to measure how much tear your eye is producing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The normal range for the Schirmer's test is > 10 mm in 5 min with anesthetic.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between basal tear production and reflex tear production?

<p>Basal tear production is the tear secretion that occurs when the tear film is not being stimulated, while reflex tear production is the secretion triggered by external factors such as irritation or stimulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Exopthalmometry measures the protrusion of the eye from the orbit (graptopsosis)

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some conditions that can cause exopthalmos?

<p>Thyroid issues (Grave's disease) (A), Trauma (B), Orbital tumours (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The normal range for exophthalmometry is 12-20 mm OU

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors influence exophthalmometry measurements?

<p>Axial length (A), Eyelid retraction (B), Trauma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Slit lamp bio-microscopy views anterior structures of the eye.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anterior eye structures are examined with the slit lamp?

<p>Anterior chamber (D), Lid and lashes (A), Conjunctiva (B), Cornea &amp; tear film (C), Iris (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the lens used for examining posterior structures in the eye?

<p>Crystalline lens</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process used for examining anterior segment using a handheld lens?

<p>Optical assistant</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two tests done in conjunction with the optical assistant?

<p>Tear break-up time (TBUT) and contact lens fit + movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used when blood vessels elongate from the iris to the bulbar conjunctiva?

<p>Neovascularization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tear film analysis measures the amount of tears in the eye.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Visual Field Testing

A procedure that measures the range of vision someone can see. It assesses the health and function of the optic nerve and retina, and can be used to detect potential issues like glaucoma.

Confrontation Visual Field Testing

A simple test where the doctor compares their own visual field to the patient's, using hand movements, to detect any potential vision gaps.

Tangent Screen Testing

A kinetic test where a target is moved across a chart, and the patient indicates when they see it. It measures the peripheral vision and its limits.

Manual Perimeter (Goldmann Perimeter)

A kinetic test where the patient looks into a dome and identifies flashes of colored light. It assesses areas of both normal and impaired vision.

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Automated Perimetry

A computerized test that precisely measures visual sensitivity. It involves flashes of light on a screen, and the patient clicks when they detect the light.

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Humphrey Visual Field

A common type of automated perimetry test, often used to detect glaucoma. It creates a graph of retinal light sensitivity.

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Frequency Doubling Technology (FDT)

A variation of Humphrey testing, less sensitive to small visual defects, but more efficient. It uses flickering lines that the patient indicates when they see.

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Exophthalmometry

Measures eye protrusion from the orbit. This assesses how far forward the eyeball is positioned

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Normal Exophthalmometry Range

12-20 mm, depending on the individual's facial structure.

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Exophthalmometry Applications

Used to diagnose thyroid issues, orbital tumors, and assess trauma. Anything impacting the space around the eye.

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Slit-Lamp Bio-Microscopy

An examination tool that allows the doctor to closely examine the eye's structures, like the cornea, iris, and lens, using a magnified light beam.

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Tear Film Analysis

Measures the quality and quantity of tears produced. This is helpful to assess dry eye conditions.

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Kinetic Visual Field Testing

A dynamic test where the target moves and the patient indicates when they see it.

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Static Visual Field Testing

A test where the target is fixed, and the patient indicates whether they see it.

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Normal Difference in Exophthalmometry

There can be a slight difference between the two eyes; however, a significant difference could be concerning.

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Study Notes

Visual Field Testing

  • Three main types of visual field defects: pre-chiasmal, chiasmal, post-chiasmal
  • Testing strategies can be kinetic or static
  • Testing methods include confrontation, tangent screen, manual, and automated perimeters

Exophthalmometry

  • Measures eye protrusion from the orbit (proptosis)
  • Factors affecting measurement: thyroid issues, trauma, orbital tumors

Slit Lamp Bio-Microscopy

  • Examines anterior eye structures (lids, lashes, conjunctiva, cornea, tear film, anterior chamber, iris, crystalline lens)
  • Can also view posterior structures with a handheld lens
  • Anterior segment evaluation uses various lighting methods (diffuse, direct, indirect, retro, parallelopiped)
  • Identifies neovascularization (new blood vessels in the eye)

Automated Perimetry

  • Humphrey Visual Field: measures peripheral vision, uses a range of sphere and cylinder lens that decrease sight because the object or text is closer than what you normally see
  • Tests include patching one eye, artificial tears, flashes, light on one side of the visual field
  • Frequency Doubling Technology (FDT) assesses more areas than Humphrey, patient fixates on a center dot, and boxes of lines that shimmer vibrate appear.

Manual Perimetry (Goldmann Perimeter)

  • Assesses what colors the patient sees when looking at a dome (color flashes)

Schirmer's Tear Test

  • Measures tear production, helpful for dry eye
  • Normal range is >15mm (no anesthetic, reflex tears) and > 10mm (with anesthetic, basal reading)
  • Tear production is measured by the amount of tears that are absorbed on a strip placed over the lower eyelid

Tear Film Analysis

  • Evaluates tear film integrity using fluorescein and dyestuffs
  • Measures the time it takes for the tear film to break down until a dry spot appears
  • Normal contact lens fitting values are >10 seconds
  • Factors evaluated during fitting include position, coverage, centration, movement, and alignment

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Description

Explore the various methods of visual field testing and eye examination techniques. This quiz covers visual field defects, exophthalmometry, slit lamp bio-microscopy, and automated perimetry. Test your knowledge on the different testing strategies and their applications in ophthalmology.

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