Ophthalmic Preparations
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the sclera in the eye?

  • To facilitate tear flow
  • To regulate lacrimal nasal drainage
  • To allow light to enter the eye
  • To maintain the shape of the eye (correct)

What is the primary reason why ophthalmic preparations are rapidly drained away from the ocular cavity?

  • Due to tear flow and lacrimal nasal drainage (correct)
  • Due to the shape of the eye
  • Due to the structure of the cornea
  • Due to the structure of the sclera

What type of ophthalmic preparation is designed to be administered inside the eye?

  • Periocular
  • Intraocular (correct)
  • Systemic
  • Topical

Which of the following is an example of a miotic drug?

<p>Pilocarpine HCl (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cornea in the eye?

<p>To allow light to enter the eye (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an ophthalmic preparation that is used in conjunction with an ophthalmic device?

<p>Irrigating solution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cornea?

<p>To provide much of the eye's focusing power (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the iris?

<p>To control the amount of light entering the eye (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the conjunctiva?

<p>To lubricate the eye (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the inflammation of the conjunctivae?

<p>Conjunctivitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the retina?

<p>To convert images into electrical impulses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of dry eye?

<p>Itchy eyes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the vitreous humor?

<p>A colorless gelatinous mass (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of glaucoma?

<p>Excessive aqueous humour (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal volume of tears in the eye?

<p>7-10 ul (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum volume of tears the unblinking eye can accommodate without spillage?

<p>30 ul (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do eye drops often drain rapidly from the eye?

<p>Due to both rapid blinking and induced lachrymation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of ocular drug delivery system is characterized by a mixture that becomes a gel when exposed to eye temperature?

<p>Sol-to-gel systems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pore size range of filter medium used in sterilization by filtration?

<p>0.025 to 14 μm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of preservatives in multiple-dose eye solutions and suspensions?

<p>To maintain product sterility during use (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why heat sterilization cannot be used for most ophthalmic products?

<p>The active principle or polymers used are not stable to heat. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are preservatives prohibited in ophthalmic products intended for intraocular use during eye surgery?

<p>Preservatives can cause corneal endothelial cell damage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of packaging is recommended for ophthalmic products intended for intraocular use during eye surgery?

<p>Sterile, unit-dose containers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is commonly associated with eye infections and loss of vision?

<p>Pseudomonas aeruginosa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adjusting the pH of ophthalmic preparations?

<p>To enhance the stability of the formulation and comfort for the patient (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of EDTA in combination with benzalkonium chloride?

<p>To render resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa more sensitive to benzalkonium chloride (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it difficult to obtain the most suitable pH for maximum comfort of the eye?

<p>Due to the complex buffering capacity of tears (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum concentration of benzalkonium chloride used in ophthalmic preparations?

<p>0.01% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of heat on chlorobutanol?

<p>It decomposes with the formation of hydrochloric acid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH of tears?

<p>7.4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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