Ophthalmic Preparations

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What is the primary function of the sclera in the eye?

To facilitate tear flow

To regulate lacrimal nasal drainage

To allow light to enter the eye

To maintain the shape of the eye (correct)

What is the primary reason why ophthalmic preparations are rapidly drained away from the ocular cavity?

Due to tear flow and lacrimal nasal drainage (correct)

Due to the shape of the eye

Due to the structure of the cornea

Due to the structure of the sclera

What type of ophthalmic preparation is designed to be administered inside the eye?

Periocular

Intraocular (correct)

Systemic

Topical

Which of the following is an example of a miotic drug?

Pilocarpine HCl Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cornea in the eye?

To allow light to enter the eye Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an ophthalmic preparation that is used in conjunction with an ophthalmic device?

Irrigating solution Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cornea?

To provide much of the eye's focusing power Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the iris?

To control the amount of light entering the eye Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the conjunctiva?

To lubricate the eye Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the inflammation of the conjunctivae?

Conjunctivitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the retina?

To convert images into electrical impulses Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of dry eye?

Itchy eyes Signup and view all the answers

What is the vitreous humor?

A colorless gelatinous mass Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of glaucoma?

Excessive aqueous humour Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal volume of tears in the eye?

7-10 ul Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum volume of tears the unblinking eye can accommodate without spillage?

30 ul Signup and view all the answers

Why do eye drops often drain rapidly from the eye?

Due to both rapid blinking and induced lachrymation Signup and view all the answers

What type of ocular drug delivery system is characterized by a mixture that becomes a gel when exposed to eye temperature?

Sol-to-gel systems Signup and view all the answers

What is the pore size range of filter medium used in sterilization by filtration?

0.025 to 14 μm Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of preservatives in multiple-dose eye solutions and suspensions?

To maintain product sterility during use Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why heat sterilization cannot be used for most ophthalmic products?

The active principle or polymers used are not stable to heat. Signup and view all the answers

Why are preservatives prohibited in ophthalmic products intended for intraocular use during eye surgery?

Preservatives can cause corneal endothelial cell damage Signup and view all the answers

What type of packaging is recommended for ophthalmic products intended for intraocular use during eye surgery?

Sterile, unit-dose containers Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is commonly associated with eye infections and loss of vision?

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adjusting the pH of ophthalmic preparations?

To enhance the stability of the formulation and comfort for the patient Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of EDTA in combination with benzalkonium chloride?

To render resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa more sensitive to benzalkonium chloride Signup and view all the answers

Why is it difficult to obtain the most suitable pH for maximum comfort of the eye?

Due to the complex buffering capacity of tears Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum concentration of benzalkonium chloride used in ophthalmic preparations?

0.01% Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of heat on chlorobutanol?

It decomposes with the formation of hydrochloric acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH of tears?

7.4 Signup and view all the answers