Operators in C Language Quiz

Operators in C

• Operators are symbols used to perform operations
• There are several types of operators in C:
  • Arithmetic operators
  • Relational operators
  • Shift operators
  • Logical operators
  • Bitwise operators
  • Turnery or Conditional operators
  • Assignment operators
  • Misc. operators

Precedence of Operators

• Precedence specifies the order in which operators are evaluated
• Associativity specifies the direction of evaluation (left to right or right to left)

Arithmetic Operators

• Used for performing mathematical operations
• Examples:
  • Plus operator (+)
  • Minus operator (-)
  • Multiplication operator (*)
  • Division operator (/)
  • Modulus operator (%)

Relational Operators

• Used for comparing values
• Examples:
  • Less than (<)
  • Greater than (>)
  • Less than or equal to (<=)
  • Greater than or equal to (>=)
  • Equal to (==)
  • Not equal to (!=)

Logical Operators

• Used for combining conditions
• Examples:
  • Logical AND (&&)
  • Logical OR (||)
  • Logical NOT (!)

Bitwise Operators

• Used for manipulating bits
• Examples:
  • Bitwise AND (&)
  • Bitwise OR (|)
  • Bitwise XOR (^)
  • Bitwise NOT (~)
  • Right shift (>>)
  • Left shift (<<)

Assignment Operators

• Used for assigning values
• Examples:
  • Simple assignment (=)
  • Plus and assignment (+=)
  • Subtract and assignment (-=)
  • Multiply and assignment (*=)
  • Divide and assignment (/=)
  • Modulus and assignment (%=)

Increment and Decrement Operators

• Used for incrementing or decrementing values
• Examples:
  • Pre-increment (++)
  • Post-increment (++)
  • Pre-decrement (--)
  • Post-decrement (--)

Conditional Operator

• Used for conditional statements
• Syntax: exp1 ? exp2 : exp3

Bitwise Operators with Examples

• Bitwise AND operator (&)
• Bitwise OR operator (|)
• Bitwise XOR operator (^)
• Right shift operator (>>)
• Left shift operator (<<)

Special Operators

• Comma operator (,)
• Sizeof operator (sizeof)
• Pointer operators (& and *)
• Member selection operators (.)

Evaluating Arithmetic Expressions

• Evaluate expressions using operator precedence and associativity rules

• Follow the steps:

  1. Determine the order of operator binding
  2. Obtain the equivalent mathematical equation
  3. Evaluate the expression by following the operator binding sequence### Operator Binding in Arithmetic Expressions

• The steps to determine operator binding in an arithmetic expression involve:

  • Evaluating unary operators (unary +, unary -, ++, --) with right-to-left associativity
  • Evaluating multiplicative operators (*, /, %) with left-to-right associativity
  • Evaluating additive operators (+, -) with left-to-right associativity

Evaluating an Arithmetic Expression

• The expression -a + b * c - d / e + f is evaluated by following the operator binding sequence
  • Unary operators are bound to their operands from right to left
  • Multiplicative operators are bound to their operands from left to right
  • Additive operators are bound to their operands from left to right
• The final expression is evaluated by following the operator binding sequence

Input-Output Operations

• Input refers to providing data to a program
• Output refers to writing data to a file or displaying it on the screen
• Reading and writing characters can be done using printf() and scanf() functions
  • getchar() function reads a single character from the keyboard and stores it in a character variable
  • putchar() function displays a character value on the screen
• gets() function reads a single string from the keyboard and stores it in a character array
• puts() function displays a string on the screen

Formatted Input and Output

• Formatted I/O functions are used to take various inputs from the user and display multiple outputs
• These functions use format specifiers to display output in different formats
• Format specifiers include %d for signed integer, %c for character, %f for decimal floating-point, %s for string, and more
• printf() function is used to display output on the console screen
• scanf() function is used to take input from the keyboard
• sprintf() function stands for "string print" and is used to store formatted strings
• sscanf() function is used to read formatted input from a string