Operations Management Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of outsourcing for a business?

  • To maintain control over all business operations
  • To increase dependence on suppliers
  • To reduce costs and focus on core activities (correct)
  • To expand physical locations
  • Which of the following is considered a pull factor for businesses relocating abroad?

  • Increased cultural differences
  • Diminished communication capabilities
  • Higher taxes in the new location
  • Dismantling of trade barriers (correct)
  • What is a disadvantage of outsourcing?

  • Dependency on the supplier (correct)
  • Greater control over production
  • Higher quality products
  • Increased costs
  • Which financial support option is non-returnable and provided as a one-time fund?

    <p>Grants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does offshoring primarily involve?

    <p>Outsourcing work to an external provider outside the home country (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might be a consequence of in-housing or reshoring?

    <p>Gaining full control over production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is a push factor for businesses to operate overseas?

    <p>Access to cheaper labor pools (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do tax rebates provide for businesses?

    <p>A cut in the amount of tax paid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a consideration when determining the success of a business?

    <p>Color of the office decor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a major impact of globalization on business location decisions?

    <p>Improved communication and transport (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of job production?

    <p>Creating products according to specific customer orders (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an advantage of batch production?

    <p>Ability to achieve economies of scale (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of mass production?

    <p>Inflexibility in the manufacturing process (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which production method combines elements of both mass production and customization?

    <p>Mass customization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor does NOT typically influence the choice of production method?

    <p>Personal preferences of the owner (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One of the key considerations when locating a business is the availability of which two aspects?

    <p>Labor and natural resources (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically true about job production regarding its market orientation?

    <p>It is market-oriented and tailored to specific client demands. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the labor requirements for mass production?

    <p>Labor is largely unskilled and used for quality control. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A disadvantage associated with batch production includes:

    <p>Long production time due to retooling processes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT a benefit of an optimal business location?

    <p>Proximity to competitors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge for businesses using mass production?

    <p>High setup costs requiring large initial investment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about mass customization?

    <p>It allows for the personalization of large quantities of products. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a determining factor in the costs associated with locating a business?

    <p>Tax rates and land availability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the production of goods and the production of services?

    <p>Goods are physical products and services are intangible. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that can influence the degree of "added value" to a product or service?

    <p>The cost of raw materials. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of "operations management"?

    <p>Optimizing production processes to achieve the best possible outcome. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the "input-output model" apply to both manufacturing and service industries?

    <p>Both industries involve the transformation of resources into a final product or service. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main pillars of sustainability in the context of operations management?

    <p>Economic, Social, and Environmental. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the "operations" department within a business?

    <p>To produce the goods and services that meet consumer needs and wants. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the "operations" department relate to the "marketing" department?

    <p>Marketing influences what operations produces. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can an operations manager contribute to the success of the "human resources" department?

    <p>By providing insights on employee motivation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way the "operations" department can contribute to the achievement of "economic sustainability"?

    <p>Minimizing waste and optimizing resource utilization. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the "triple bottom line" concept and its significance in operations management?

    <p>A framework for measuring business performance based on economic, social, and environmental factors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Operations

    Fundamental activities of organizations that determine how they produce goods and services.

    Operation Management

    The art of managing production to achieve the best end product.

    Input-Output Model

    A basic process of transformation that applies to both manufacturing and services industries.

    Added Value

    The difference between the cost of inputs and the price of finished goods.

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    Primary Sector

    Involves the extraction of raw materials, such as mining or harvesting.

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    Secondary Sector

    Centers around industrial manufacturing and production of goods.

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    Tertiary Sector

    Focuses on providing services, such as healthcare or education.

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    Economic Sustainability

    Using available resources wisely to ensure ongoing profitability.

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    Social Sustainability

    Considers human factors in business decisions for better stakeholder outcomes.

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    Triplet Bottom Line

    Concept that includes economic, social, and ecological factors in decision-making.

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    Utilities

    Essential services like electricity, water, and Internet.

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    Grants

    Non-returnable, one-time funds provided by governments.

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    Subsidies

    Funds offset against production costs, often provided by governments.

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    Push Factors

    Internal reasons that encourage businesses to operate overseas.

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    Pull Factors

    External scenarios attracting businesses to relocate abroad.

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    Outsourcing

    Contracting out work to another business for efficiency.

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    Advantages of Outsourcing

    Benefits include cost reduction and improved focus.

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    Disadvantages of Outsourcing

    Risks include dependence on suppliers and loss of control.

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    Offshoring

    Outsourcing to an external provider in another country.

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    In-shoring

    Bringing outsourced activities back in-house.

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    Job Production

    Production of a unique, one-off product for a specific customer.

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    Advantages of Job Production

    High mark-up, customer satisfaction, motivates skilled workers, and flexible.

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    Disadvantages of Job Production

    Can be expensive, time-consuming, and labor-intensive with potential client misunderstandings.

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    Batch Production

    Production of groups (batches) of identical products with some customization.

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    Advantages of Batch Production

    Achieves economies of scale, offers customer choice, and useful for trialling products.

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    Disadvantages of Batch Production

    Production time lost during retooling and requires holding large stocks.

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    Mass Production

    High volume production of identical, standardized products using continuous flow.

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    Advantages of Mass Production

    Low labor costs, quick reaction to demand, and easy maintenance once set up.

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    Disadvantages of Mass Production

    High setup costs, inflexible, and demotivating work due to repetition.

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    Mass Customization

    Combines mass production techniques with the personalization of products.

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    Factors Affecting Production Method Choice

    Includes target market, technology, resource availability, and regulations.

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    Location Decision Impact

    Affects production costs, taxes, employee availability, and market access.

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    Costs in Location Decisions

    Determining factor depends on starting or relocating, including land and labor.

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    Benefits of Optimal Location

    Includes lower costs, customer proximity, and improved brand image.

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    Production Flexibility

    Ability to adapt production methods based on market needs and resources.

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    Study Notes

    Operations Management

    • Fundamental activities of organizations: defining what they do and how they deliver goods and services that meet consumer needs
    • Operation management: the art of managing production to create the best final product
    • Operations across sectors:
      • Primary: mining, harvesting
      • Secondary: industrial manufacturing
      • Tertiary: for example, surgery
      • Quaternary: business consultancy
    • Input-output model:
      • Basic process of transformation in manufacturing and service industries.
      • Value added depends on several factors, such as: input resource combination efficiency, and convincing customers to pay more than the input costs.
    • Added value: the difference between the cost of raw material and the final selling price of the finished product
    • Operations and other business functions:
      • Operations define "what" the business does
      • Operations are performed by people
      • Operations require careful financial management and monitoring

    Relationship with other business functions

    • Operations managers have direct experience of economies of scale/diseconomies of scale.
    • They can identify organizational strengths and weaknesses not easily observed by other departments.
    • Operations managers can advise on suitable non-financial rewards, motivating factors, and production cost-cutting strategies affecting the break-even point.
    • Operations managers can provide advise on product extension strategies.

    Operations and Production of Goods and Services

    • Goods: Physical (such as a phone) and non-physical (services) products.
    • Production: creation of physical (goods) and non-physical (services) products.
    • Examples: Mobile Phones, Cosmetic Surgical procedures, Airline Travel, Music Concerts.
      • Goods can often have a combination of goods and services.

    Operations Management and Sustainability

    • Economic sustainability: Using resources effectively to ensure profitability and financial performance.
    • Social sustainability: considering both internal and external human resources when making business decisions.
    • Types of production: Job production, Batch production, Mass production

    Organization of Production

    • Depends on the production function (what to produce, how ,using labor intensive or capital intensive methods)
    • Job production: Custom-made products specific to the client. High mark-ups, costly, time-consuming
    • Batch production: Making products in batches. Versatile, allows some customer freedom. Lower costs, lead times may increase.
    • Mass production: Standardized, large-scale. Low cost, quick.
    • Mass customization: combining mass production with personalization.

    Factors in Locating a Business

    • Location decision is crucial for a business.
    • Right location can affect costs of production, tax rates, availability of skilled employees, access to supplies and resources, accessibility to markets, customer proximity, overcoming trade barriers and improving brand image, land, labor costs, transportation costs.

    Competition

    • Gap in the market.
    • Setting up similar businesses nearby, creating clusters.

    Changing the Production Method

    • Production methods can change in response to environmental changes, human resources, marketing, financing and stock control.
    • Decisions on appropriate production methods depend on internal and external factors.
    • It is not always easy to change production methods once they are in place.
    • There will be opportunity costs

    Impact of Globalization on Location

    • Pull factors: factors that draw businesses to particular locations, including improved communication, reduced trade barriers, deregulation of markets.
    • Push factors: internal factors that push companies to move overseas, including reduced costs, higher market share, using extension or defensive strategies.

    Outsourcing

    • Outsourcing of business functions to other providers.
    • Advantages: cost reductions, focused core activities, expertise, time reduction.
    • Disadvantages: dependence on suppliers, loss of control, dilution of brand recognition.

    In-housing and Reshoring

    • Reverse trend to bring back in-house functions.
    • Possible advantages: increased control, reduced costs (e.g. reduced tax), better quality control.
    • Considerations: can be expensive, expertise may be lost, increased administrative costs.

    Factors affecting production decisions

    • Labor pool: availability, experience, skill.
    • Infrastructure: transportation, utilities, communication.
    • Suppliers: proximity, and reliability.
    • Government: regulations, incentives, and taxation.
    • Familiarity with the area.
    • Markets: customer proximity and market size.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamental activities of operations management, focusing on how organizations define their operations to deliver goods and services. It explores the input-output model, added value, and the interplay between operations and other business functions across various sectors.

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