Research Methods

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes operationalization of variables?

  • Randomly allocating participants
  • Making variables measurable/quantifiable (correct)
  • Using standardized procedures
  • Controlling extraneous variables

What are extraneous variables in an experiment?

  • Variables that are made measurable/quantifiable
  • Variables that are randomly allocated to participants
  • Variables that are controlled by using standardized procedures
  • Variables that are not the independent variable but could affect the results (correct)

How can participant variables be reduced in an experiment?

  • Randomly allocating participants to their conditions (correct)
  • Making variables measurable/quantifiable
  • Using standardized procedures
  • Controlling extraneous variables

True or false: Operationalization of variables means making them measurable/quantifiable.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Extraneous variables are all variables that could affect the results of the experiment.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Demand characteristics occur when participants work out the aims of the research study and behave accordingly.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of operationalizing variables in an experiment?

<p>The purpose of operationalizing variables is to make them measurable/quantifiable and ensure that variables are in a form that can be easily tested.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are extraneous variables in an experiment?

<p>Extraneous variables are all variables, which are not the independent variable, but could affect the results of the experiment. They can be participant characteristics or situational features of the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can extraneous variables be controlled in an experiment?

<p>Extraneous variables can be controlled by randomly allocating participants to their conditions or using a matched pairs experimental design. Situational variables can be controlled by using standardized procedures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their correct definitions:

<p>Operationalization = Making variables measurable/quantifiable Extraneous variables = All variables that are not the independent variable, but could affect the results Demand characteristics = Type of extraneous variable that occurs if participants work out the aims of the research study and behave accordingly Situational variables = Controlled by using standardized procedures, ensuring every participant in a given condition is treated in the same way</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following examples with the correct variable type:

<p>Intelligence levels = Extraneous variable Number of times a person smiles within a two hour period = Operationalized variable Lighting or noise = Extraneous variable Participants working out the aims of the research study and behaving accordingly = Demand characteristic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following strategies with their purpose in an experiment:

<p>Randomly allocating participants to their conditions = Reduce participant variables Using a matched pairs experimental design = Reduce participant variables Operationalizing variables = Ensure variables are in a form that can be easily tested Controlling extraneous variables = Prevent them from affecting the results</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Experiments always have an independent and dependent variable.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Operationalization of variables ensures that variables are in a form that can be easily tested.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Extraneous variables must be controlled so that they do not affect the results of the experiment.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes operationalization of variables?

<p>Making variables measurable/quantifiable (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Demand characteristics occur when participants work out the aims of the research study and behave accordingly.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can extraneous variables be controlled in an experiment?

<p>Randomly allocating participants to their conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes operationalization of variables?

<p>Making variables measurable/quantifiable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an extraneous variable in an experiment?

<p>Intelligence levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of operationalizing variables in an experiment?

<p>To make variables easily measurable/quantifiable (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are demand characteristics in an experiment?

<p>When participants work out the aims of the research study and behave accordingly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can extraneous variables be controlled in an experiment?

<p>By randomly allocating participants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of controlling extraneous variables in an experiment?

<p>To ensure reliable results (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can participant variables be reduced in an experiment?

<p>By randomly allocating participants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are situational variables in an experiment?

<p>Environmental features that could affect the results (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using standardized procedures in an experiment?

<p>To ensure consistent treatment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of randomly allocating participants in an experiment?

<p>To control extraneous variables (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes operationalization of variables?

<p>Making variables measurable/quantifiable (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Operationalization of variables ensures that variables are in a form that can be easily tested.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Demand characteristics occur when participants work out the aims of the research study and behave accordingly.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can extraneous variables be controlled in an experiment?

<p>Controlling participant variables (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Extraneous variables must be controlled so that they do not affect the results of the experiment.

<p>True (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Extraneous variables are all variables that could affect the results of the experiment.

<p>True (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Demand characteristics occur when participants work out the aims of the research study and behave accordingly.

<p>True (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can extraneous variables be controlled in an experiment?

<p>Controlling participant variables (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Operationalization of variables means making them measurable/quantifiable.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can participant variables be reduced in an experiment?

<p>Matching participants' characteristics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Experiments always have an independent and dependent variable.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Operationalization of variables ensures that variables are in a form that can be easily tested.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Demand characteristics occur when participants work out the aims of the research study and behave accordingly.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Extraneous variables must be controlled so that they do not affect the results of the experiment.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Operationalization of variables means making them measurable/quantifiable.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Extraneous variables are all variables that could affect the results of the experiment.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Demand characteristics occur if participants administer shocks because they believe it is required of them.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Standardized procedures are used to control situational variables in an experiment.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Randomly allocating participants to conditions helps to reduce participant variables.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Extraneous variables can include natural characteristics of participants, such as age or gender.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of operationalizing variables in an experiment?

<p>The purpose of operationalizing variables is to make them measurable/quantifiable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are demand characteristics in an experiment?

<p>Demand characteristics occur when participants work out the aims of the research study and behave accordingly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of controlling extraneous variables in an experiment?

<p>The purpose of controlling extraneous variables is to ensure that they do not affect the results of the experiment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can extraneous variables be controlled in an experiment?

<p>Extraneous variables can be controlled by using techniques such as random allocation of participants to conditions or using a matched pairs experimental design.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of randomly allocating participants in an experiment?

<p>The purpose of randomly allocating participants is to help reduce participant variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can participant variables be reduced in an experiment?

<p>Participant variables can be reduced by randomly allocating participants to conditions or using a matched pairs experimental design.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are situational variables in an experiment?

<p>Situational variables are features of the environment that can affect the results of the experiment, such as lighting or noise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are extraneous variables in an experiment?

<p>Extraneous variables are all variables, which are not the independent variable, but could affect the results of the experiment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using standardized procedures in an experiment?

<p>The purpose of using standardized procedures is to control situational variables and ensure that every participant in a given condition is treated in the same way.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of operationalizing variables in an experiment?

<p>The purpose of operationalizing variables is to make them measurable/quantifiable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Operationalization of variables means making them ______/quantifiable.

<p>measurable</p> Signup and view all the answers

Extraneous variables are all variables, which are not the independent variable, but could affect the results of the experiment. It can be a natural characteristic of the participant, such as intelligence levels, gender, or age for example, or it could be a situational feature of the environment such as ______ or noise.

<p>lighting</p> Signup and view all the answers

Demand characteristics are a type of extraneous variable that occurs if the participants work out the aims of the research study, they may begin to behave in a certain way. For example, in Milgram’s research, critics argued that participants worked out that the shocks were not real and they administered them as they thought this was what was required of them. Extraneous variables must be controlled so that they do not affect (confound) the results. Randomly allocating participants to their conditions or using a matched pairs experimental design can help to reduce participant ______.

<p>variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

Situational variables are controlled by using ______ procedures, ensuring every participant in a given condition is treated in the same way.

<p>standardized</p> Signup and view all the answers

Experiments always have an independent and ______ variable.

<p>dependent</p> Signup and view all the answers

We must use operationalization to ensure that variables are in a form that can be easily ______.

<p>tested</p> Signup and view all the answers

By operationalizing variables, we make it easy for someone else to ______ our research.

<p>replicate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Extraneous variables must be controlled so that they do not ______ (confound) the results.

<p>affect</p> Signup and view all the answers

Randomly allocating participants to their conditions or using a matched pairs experimental design can help to reduce ______ variables.

<p>participant</p> Signup and view all the answers

Situational variables are controlled by using ______ procedures, ensuring every participant in a given condition is treated in the same way.

<p>standardized</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their correct definitions:

<p>Operationalization = Making variables measurable/quantifiable Extraneous variables = All variables, which are not the independent variable, but could affect the results of the experiment Demand characteristics = A type of extraneous variable that occurs if the participants work out the aims of the research study, they may begin to behave in a certain way Situational variables = Variables controlled by using standardized procedures, ensuring every participant in a given condition is treated in the same way</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following examples with the correct variable type:

<p>Intelligence levels = Participant variable Lighting or noise = Situational variable Number of times a person smiles within a two hour period = Operationalized variable Gender or age = Participant variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following statements with their correct variable type:

<p>Extraneous variables must be controlled so that they do not affect the results = Extraneous variable Operationalization ensures that variables are in a form that can be easily tested = Operationalized variable Randomly allocating participants to their conditions or using a matched pairs experimental design can help to reduce = Participant variables Demand characteristics occur when participants work out the aims of the research study and behave accordingly = Demand characteristic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following methods with their purpose in an experiment:

<p>Randomly allocating participants to their conditions or using a matched pairs experimental design = Reduce participant variables Using standardized procedures = Control situational variables Operationalizing variables = Make it easy for someone else to replicate the research Controlling extraneous variables = Ensure they do not affect the results</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their correct descriptions:

<p>Operationalization = Making variables measurable and quantifiable in an experiment Extraneous variables = All variables that are not the independent variable, but could affect the results of the experiment Participant variables = Natural characteristics of the participant, such as intelligence levels, gender, or age Demand characteristics = A type of extraneous variable that occurs if the participants work out the aims of the research study</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following statements with their correct variable type:

<p>Intelligence levels, gender, or age = Participant variables Lighting or noise = Situational variables Number of times a person smiles within a two hour period = Operationalized variable Extraneous variables must be controlled so that they do not affect the results = Extraneous variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following methods with their purpose in an experiment:

<p>Randomly allocating participants to their conditions or using a matched pairs experimental design = Reduce participant variables Using standardized procedures = Control situational variables Operationalizing variables = Make it easy for someone else to replicate the research Controlling extraneous variables = Ensure they do not affect the results</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their correct descriptions:

<p>Operationalization = Making variables measurable and quantifiable in an experiment Extraneous variables = All variables that are not the independent variable, but could affect the results of the experiment Participant variables = Natural characteristics of the participant, such as intelligence levels, gender, or age Demand characteristics = A type of extraneous variable that occurs if the participants work out the aims of the research study</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following examples with the correct variable type:

<p>Intelligence levels = Participant variable Lighting or noise = Situational variable Number of times a person smiles within a two hour period = Operationalized variable Gender or age = Participant variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their correct definitions:

<p>Operationalization = Making variables measurable/quantifiable Extraneous variables = All variables, which are not the independent variable, but could affect the results of the experiment Demand characteristics = A type of extraneous variable that occurs if the participants work out the aims of the research study, they may begin to behave in a certain way Situational variables = Variables controlled by using standardized procedures, ensuring every participant in a given condition is treated in the same way</p> Signup and view all the answers

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