Operating Systems: Thread Sharing in Processes
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Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between user-level threads (ULTs) and kernel-level threads (KLTs) in Linux?

  • ULTs are implemented entirely in user space, while KLTs are managed by the kernel. (correct)
  • ULTs are used in Android applications, while KLTs are used in traditional Linux applications.
  • ULTs have better performance than KLTs due to reduced context switching overhead.
  • ULTs can share resources like files and memory, while KLTs cannot.

    • How does the Linux kernel handle scheduling for ULTs?

  • The kernel is not involved in scheduling ULTs, as they are managed entirely in user space.
  • The kernel maps multiple ULTs to a single kernel-level process and schedules them together. (correct)
  • The kernel uses a specific scheduling algorithm optimized for ULTs, distinct from process scheduling.
  • The kernel treats all ULTs as separate processes and schedules them independently.

    • What is the primary advantage of using ULTs over KLTs in terms of performance?

  • ULTs have lower context switching overhead since they do not involve the kernel. (correct)
  • ULTs can better utilize multiple CPU cores due to their lightweight nature.
  • ULTs have better scalability as the number of threads increases.
  • ULTs have lower memory overhead due to sharing resources like files and memory.

    • According to Amdahl's Law, what is the primary factor that limits the performance gains from multithreading?

    <p>The portion of the program that cannot be parallelized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Android applications, what is the role of a Service component?

    <p>It performs long-running operations in the background.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which POSIX thread function is used to create a new thread in a C program?

    <p><code>pthread_create()</code></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between User-Level Threads (ULTs) and Kernel-Level Threads (KLTs)?

    <p>ULTs are managed by the operating system, while KLTs are managed by the user.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of threads, what does it mean when it is mentioned that 'Threads reside in the same address space and have access to the same data'?

    <p>Threads share memory space and can communicate by reading and writing to the same data locations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when one thread alters an item of data in memory, according to the text?

    <p>Other threads see the results when they next access that item.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does suspension of a process impact its threads?

    <p>Threads are terminated along with the suspension of the process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of processes and threads, what does 'Amdahl's Law' primarily address?

    <p>It emphasizes the limitations of parallelization in improving overall system performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does a Thread Control Block (TCB) play in managing threads within a process?

    <p>It maintains register values, priority, and state information for each thread.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of User-Level Threads (ULTs) over Kernel-Level Threads (KLTs)?

    <p>ULTs allow thread management code to be embedded in the program.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When will a thread execute on the processor according to the text?

    <p>Only when the process is in Running state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of ULTs and process states, what happens when a process exhausts its time slice?

    <p>The process moves to Ready state and Kernel switches to another process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of thread management requires all work to be done by the kernel?

    <p>Kernel-Level Threads (KLTs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Considering Thread 2's status, what does it mean for Thread 2 to be perceived as Running but it is not?

    <p>Thread 2 is ready to run but waiting for resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing characteristic of ULTs compared to KLTs regarding thread switching?

    <p>ULTs save overhead by avoiding user-kernel mode switches during thread switching.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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