Operating Systems Concurrency Quiz

True (A)

To manage the execution order of processes and optimize resource use.

<p>mutual exclusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Critical Sections = Parts of code that access shared resources and must be executed atomically Concurrency = The ability of the system to manage multiple tasks simultaneously Producer-Consumer problem = A classic synchronization issue involving two processes producing and consuming data Threads = Lightweight processes that share the same memory space</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To allow threads/processes to share resources (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To enable parallelism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It guarantees that only one thread can enter a critical section at a time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>critical</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It could lead to incorrect final values of x and y.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>predefined instructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It refers to competition for resources in a critical section. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multithreading = Utilizing multiple threads for parallel computation Sequential Execution = Strict order of statement execution Concurrency = Ability to manage multiple processes simultaneously Parallelism = Simultaneous execution of processes or threads</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Critical Section = Code that accesses shared resources Race Condition = Competition for resources in a critical section Mutual Exclusion = Guarantee that only one thread accesses a critical section Inter-process Synchronization = Managing communication between processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They enable true parallelism. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent race conditions and ensure safe access to shared resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Language support and operating system support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Railroad systems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To guard a resource and manage synchronization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>mutual</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The operations are indivisible and executed entirely or not at all. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distributed computing systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Semaphore = A synchronization mechanism to control access Mutual Exclusion = Ensuring one resource is accessed at a time Atomic Statement = An indivisible operation Synchronization Protocol = Rules governing the timing of access to resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Normal exit (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Voluntary termination and involuntary termination</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>fetching an instruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Being killed by another process (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Normal exit = Voluntary termination Error exit = Voluntary termination Fatal error = Involuntary termination Killed by another process = Involuntary termination</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The processor cannot continue until the event occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Round robin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A thread control block (TCB) is a data structure that contains information about a thread, including its execution context and program counter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>16</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Round robin = Tasks are assigned in a cyclic order Max-min = Allocates resources based on the maximum needs of the minimum-loaded nodes Least Loaded = Routes tasks to the node with the least current load Opportunistic load balancing = Distributes work based on opportunistic assessments of load</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It improves application performance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Context switching allows the CPU to switch from one thread to another, enabling multiple threads to share the same CPU.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>running, blocked, ready</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Single-threaded execution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A process completes its task without any errors or interruptions. This is the ideal way for a process to end.

A process encounters an error but handles it internally. It might involve catching an exception and continuing its work.

A process is terminated due to a critical error detected by the operating system (OS). These are severe issues that can't be handled by the process itself.

One process uses a system call to force another process to end. This is often done for resource management or security reasons.

A process's life cycle starts by fetching an instruction, executing it, and repeating this cycle until it finishes.

A process might stop executing instructions and wait for an event (e.g., printer finishing). This pause in execution doesn't mean the process is terminated.

A high-priority process might need to execute immediately, even if another process is currently running. The processor might interrupt the current process to give priority to the high-priority task.

The processor deals with situations where a process is waiting for an event or a high-priority process needs to run. It manages these competing demands to ensure efficient use of the processor.

A method used by the MINIX 3 operating system to manage multiple queues based on priority. It uses 16 queues for efficient process scheduling.

In a distributed system, this refers to efficiently distributing tasks across multiple nodes, aiming to prevent any single node from becoming overloaded or underutilized.

A technique where tasks are assigned round-robin fashion, giving each task a fair share of processing time.

A system where tasks are prioritized and assigned processing time based on their importance.

An independent sequence of execution within a process, allowing for concurrent execution of different tasks.

A process that uses a single thread for execution, running tasks one after another.

A process that utilizes multiple threads, enabling parallel execution of tasks, potentially improving performance and responsiveness.

A lightweight process, similar to a full process but sharing resources with its parent process, such as memory.

The control block associated with a thread that stores its essential data, including execution context, stack, and program counter.

The process of switching between different threads when a thread transitions from running to ready or blocked state.

The process of designing and implementing a program that utilizes multiple threads to perform tasks simultaneously.

The ability to perform multiple computations or tasks simultaneously.

The ability of an operating system to run multiple tasks concurrently on a single processor.

A program that uses a single thread of execution, meaning it can process only one task at a time.

The specific order in which the statements in a program are executed, determining the outcome.

The dependency of the outcome of a statement on the execution order of previous statements.

The requirement for threads to coordinate their actions to avoid conflicts or data inconsistencies.

Code within a process that accesses shared resources.

A situation where multiple processes try to access and modify shared resources concurrently, leading to unpredictable and potentially incorrect results.

A mechanism that ensures only one process can execute the critical section at a time.

Accessing shared resources concurrently by multiple processes.

The process of managing and synchronizing the access of multiple processes to shared resources.

Any resource that can be accessed by multiple processes concurrently, such as memory, files, or network connections.

A situation where multiple processes compete for access to a resource.

A mechanism that prevents data corruption by ensuring only one process can access the critical section at a time.

A mechanism for synchronizing access to shared resources, preventing simultaneous access by multiple processes or threads.

A semaphore operation that acquires a resource, blocking the process or thread if the resource is unavailable.

A semaphore operation that releases a resource, allowing another process or thread to acquire it.

The state of a semaphore reflects the number of available resources. A negative value indicates the number of processes or threads waiting to acquire the resource.

A fundamental property of semaphores, ensuring that any sequence of wait and signal operations leaves the semaphore in a consistent state.

A semaphore used to protect shared resources in distributed systems, ensuring consistent access from multiple locations.

The code executed by a process or thread before accessing a shared resource, using semaphore operations to ensure safe access.

A process can be in different states, including "created" (initialized), "ready"(waiting for its turn), "running" (executing on the processor), "blocked" (waiting for an event), or "terminated" (completed).

The OS decides which process to run next when multiple processes are ready. It might give preference to high-priority tasks or use a fair scheduling policy.

When multiple processes or threads need to access shared resources, a synchronization method ensures their actions are coordinated to avoid data corruption. Mutual exclusion prevents simultaneous access to shared data.