Operating Systems Services Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of operating system services?

  • To ensure programs do not interact with each other
  • To limit user access to system resources
  • To provide an environment for program execution and user services (correct)
  • To manage hardware resources only

    • Which of the following is considered a function helpful to the user provided by operating systems?

  • Memory management techniques
  • Network protocol management
  • User interface support (correct)
  • CPU scheduling algorithms

    • When are classes considered to begin based on the attendance policy?

  • Always on time with no exceptions
  • 10 minutes after the scheduled time
  • 15 minutes after the scheduled time (correct)
  • 5 minutes after the scheduled time

    • What should students do to prepare for the course sessions?

    <p>Be proactive and come ready for the session</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is NOT focused on in the course outline?

    <p>User interface design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must students adhere to regarding deadlines in the course?

    <p>Timely submissions have no exceptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key reason why applications are specific to an operating system?

    <p>Each operating system has its unique API</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents a service that operating systems might provide to programs?

    <p>Abstraction of hardware for easier program management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary functions related to I/O operations in an operating system?

    <p>Interfacing with files and I/O devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes resource allocation in operating systems?

    <p>It manages the distribution of multiple resources among concurrent users.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do processes communicate in an operating system?

    <p>Via shared memory or message passing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does error detection play in operating systems?

    <p>It ensures the consistent performance of user programs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is essential for the manipulation of file systems in operating systems?

    <p>Full capability to read, write, create, delete, and manage permissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operating system service assists with efficiently using the system's capabilities?

    <p>Debugging facilities for analyzing processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of batch program execution in an operating system?

    <p>To load and execute multiple programs without user intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a characteristic of a GUI compared to CLI?

    <p>It relies heavily on visual indicators and user interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of system services in an operating system?

    <p>Offer an environment for program development and execution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of logging in a multiuser or networked computer system?

    <p>To keep track of user access to computer resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of file management in operating systems?

    <p>To perform tasks like copying and renaming files.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of system call?

    <p>Data analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which service is responsible for enabling communication between processes and users?

    <p>Communications services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component of the operating system is responsible for linking object files into a single executable?

    <p>Linker.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are parameters usually passed to the operating system in system calls?

    <p>Stored in registers, memory blocks, or the stack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of a Command Line Interpreter (CLI)?

    <p>To fetch and execute commands from the user</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about background services in an operating system is true?

    <p>Some run from system boot to shutdown.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of object file can be loaded into any physical memory location?

    <p>Relocatable object file.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes a GUI (Graphical User Interface)?

    <p>It uses a desktop metaphor and typically relies on a mouse, keyboard, and monitor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between system calls and APIs (Application Programming Interfaces)?

    <p>APIs provide a programming interface to access lower-level system calls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT typically considered part of the operating system?

    <p>Application programs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a loader in an operating system?

    <p>To load executable files from secondary storage into memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a protection mechanism in an operating system?

    <p>Controlling access to system resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do modern operating systems manage libraries during execution?

    <p>By loading libraries as needed using dynamically linked libraries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is NOT used for passing parameters to the operating system?

    <p>Using a global memory allocator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the system call interface maintain?

    <p>A table indexed according to system call numbers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of information can status information programs typically provide?

    <p>Performance, logging, and debugging data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one common example of a system program?

    <p>System programs that provide a development environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about system call implementations is correct?

    <p>The implementation details are hidden by the API.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What typically occurs when a process exits with the code greater than 0?

    <p>An error code identified the type of error.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of system call would likely be used to allocate memory?

    <p>Process control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of external I/O device protection in operating systems?

    <p>It prevents unauthorized access attempts to the devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Operating System Services

    • Operating systems provide an environment for programs and users
    • Helpful services are:
      • User Interface (UI): Command-line (CLI), Graphical User Interface (GUI), touch-screen, batch
      • Program execution: loading programs into memory, running, ending execution (normal or abnormal)
      • I/O operations: reading and writing to files or devices
      • File-system manipulation: creating, deleting, reading, writing, listing files and directories
    • Other user-helpful Operating System services:
      • Communications: processes exchange information (same computer, network) via shared memory or message passing
      • Error detection: OS constantly monitors for errors (CPU, memory, I/O devices, user programs)
      • Debugging facilities: improve user and programmer ability to use the system efficiently

    System Services

    • Resource Allocation: allocating resources (CPU cycles, memory, storage, I/O devices) to multiple users or jobs running concurrently.
    • Logging: keeping track of user resource usage.
    • Protection and security: controlling access to information and resources, authenticating users, and protecting external I/O devices from invalid access attempts.

    System Calls

    • Programming interface to OS services
    • Typically written in high-level languages (C or C++)
    • Mostly accessed by programs via Application Programming Interface (API) instead of direct system calls
    • Common APIs:
      • Win32 API (Windows)
      • POSIX API (UNIX, Linux, Mac OS X)
      • Java API (Java Virtual Machine - JVM)

    System Call Implementation

    • Typically each system call has a unique number for indexing by the system call interface
    • System call interface makes a table of the numbers to the intended system calls in the OS kernel.
    • The caller needs to know the API and what OS does for the result
    • Managed by run-time support library (set of functions built into libraries included with the compiler)

    System Call Parameter Passing

    • Often more information is required than just identifying the desired system call
    • There are 3 general methods to pass parameters to the OS:
      • Simplest approach: parameters passed in registers
      • If too may parameters, they are passed in a block, or table in memory
      • Parameters are placed onto the stack by the program and popped by the OS

    Types of System Calls

    • Process control: create, terminate, load, execute, get/set attributes, wait for time, wait for event, signal event, allocate/free memory, debugging tools, locks
    • File management: create, delete, open, close, read, write, reposition, get/set attributes
    • Device management: request, release device, read, write, reposition, get/set attributes, attach/detach devices.
    • Information maintenance: get/set time, date, system data, process, file, or device attributes.
    • Communications: creating connections, sending/receiving messages, naming processes. shared-memory model.
    • Protection: control access to resource, get/set permissions, allow/deny user access.

    Linkers and Loaders

    • Source code is compiled into object files to be loaded into any physical memory location.
    • Linker combines object files into a single binary executable.
    • Loader brings the binary executable into memory to execute.
    • Relocator: adjusts addresses in the code and data within the program to match the final memory location.
    • Modern systems use dynamically linked libraries (like DLLs in Windows) to avoid linking libraries into the executable; libraries are loaded as needed.

    System Programs

    • Provide a convenient environment for program development and execution
    • File manipulation
    • Programming language support
    • Program loading and execution
    • Communications
    • Background services
    • Application programs

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    Related Documents

    Operating System Services PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers essential functions and services provided by operating systems, including user support, resource allocation, and I/O operations. Test your understanding of how operating systems manage processes, handle file systems, and ensure communication between applications. Prepare to explore various aspects key to the efficient functioning of operating systems.

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