Operating Systems Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of an operating system?

  • To ensure power efficiency in mobile devices
  • To enhance the graphic capabilities of applications
  • To increase the processing power of the CPU
  • To manage user interaction with the computer (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a feature provided by operating systems?

  • Security management
  • Network management
  • User interface management
  • Game development tools (correct)

Which memory management technique involves dividing memory into fixed-size units?

  • Paging (correct)
  • Virtual memory
  • Compaction
  • Segmentation

What does the role of an Interrupt Service Routine (ISR) involve?

<p>Handling specific tasks during interrupts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scheduling algorithm processes requests in the order they arrive?

<p>First Come First Served (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a real-time operating system?

<p>Guarantees response times within specific time constraints (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does a device driver play within an operating system?

<p>To enable communication between the operating system and hardware devices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of operating systems is designed to run on hardware dedicated to a single task?

<p>Embedded (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is processor starvation?

<p>When a process does not get enough processor time to execute (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary benefits of using virtual machines for programmers?

<p>They save time and money for testing across different operating systems. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a real-time operating system?

<p>To ensure tasks are performed within a guaranteed time frame (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process does the BIOS perform first when a computer is turned on?

<p>Runs the Power-on Self Test (POST) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes intermediate code in relation to virtual machines?

<p>It functions as a bridge between machine code and object code, independent of architecture. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are device drivers essential for an operating system?

<p>They enable interaction between the operating system and hardware (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do virtual machines offer protection against malware?

<p>They isolate the effects of malware to the virtual machine instead of the host device. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a task performed by the BIOS?

<p>Loading applications (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a downside of using a virtual machine to run intermediate code?

<p>It can be considerably slower than executing low-level code directly on hardware. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When using a device driver, which factor is it tailored to?

<p>The computer's architecture and operating system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario best illustrates a use case for virtual machines?

<p>Testing programs on various operating systems without purchasing multiple devices. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens after the BIOS completes its initial tests?

<p>The operating system is loaded into RAM (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario would a real-time operating system be particularly beneficial?

<p>For controlling machinery in a factory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major risk associated with the shortest job first scheduling method?

<p>Processor starvation for longer jobs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a distributed operating system?

<p>It runs across multiple devices to share loads (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a multilevel feedback queue system, what challenge does the implementation face?

<p>Ordering priorities among multiple queues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of embedded operating systems?

<p>Limited functionality catered to specific devices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In shortest remaining time scheduling, how are jobs managed?

<p>By sorting them according to the time left for completion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What enables multitasking operating systems to appear to handle tasks simultaneously?

<p>Time slicing for quick task switching (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common limitation of embedded operating systems?

<p>Difficult to update and limited in function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might a multi-user system require a scheduling algorithm?

<p>To ensure fair sharing of processor time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of paging in operating systems?

<p>To divide memory into equal-sized sections for efficient management (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What signifies the issue of disk thrashing in virtual memory management?

<p>Frequent swapping of pages between hard disk and main memory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does segmentation differ from paging in memory management?

<p>Segmentation divides memory into logical divisions, while paging divides it into equal-sized sections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about interrupts is true?

<p>The operating system determines how interrupts are prioritized and handled (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Interrupt Service Routine (ISR)?

<p>To manage and service all interrupts fairly through the processor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes virtual memory technology?

<p>It allows portions of programs to be temporarily stored on the hard drive (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the content of registers when a high-priority interrupt is detected?

<p>It is transferred into a stack to preserve their state (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of memory allocation does segmentation primarily represent?

<p>Logical structuring based on program flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs immediately after the processor loads the interrupt service routine (ISR) into RAM?

<p>A flag is set to indicate ISR execution has started. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens after all priority interrupts have been serviced?

<p>The stack contents are transferred back to memory registers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scheduling algorithm allows jobs to be interrupted and resumed later?

<p>Pre-emptive (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant drawback of the Round Robin scheduling algorithm?

<p>It can result in longer jobs taking significantly more time to complete. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the First Come First Served (FCFS) scheduling algorithm?

<p>Jobs are processed in the order of their arrival. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of scheduling algorithms, what is a 'time slice'?

<p>The portion of processor time allocated to a job during execution. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of implementing pre-emptive scheduling?

<p>It can respond quickly to high-priority tasks as needed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the operating system treat jobs under a non pre-emptive scheduling algorithm?

<p>Jobs execute without any interruption until they complete. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Operating System (OS)

A collection of programs that manage a computer's resources and provide an interface for the user to interact with it.

Memory Management

How the OS allocates and controls computer memory to ensure multiple programs can run smoothly.

Paging

A memory management technique that divides memory into fixed-size blocks (pages) and loads data into them as needed.

Segmentation

A memory management technique that divides programs into logical segments (code, data, stack) for better organization.

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Virtual Memory

A memory management technique that uses secondary storage (hard drive) to extend the available RAM space.

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Resource Management (Scheduling)

How the OS coordinates the use of computer resources (CPU, memory, I/O devices) among multiple programs.

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Interrupts

Signals that interrupt the normal execution of a program and cause the OS to handle a specific event.

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Interrupt Service Routine (ISR)

A program code that handles an interrupt by taking necessary actions to resolve the event.

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What is paging?

Dividing memory into equal-sized sections called 'pages' to allow programs to be loaded and swapped between main memory and the hard disk as needed.

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What is segmentation?

Breaking memory into logical divisions called 'segments', each representing a part of the program's structure (like code or data).

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What is virtual memory?

Using hard drive space as extra RAM when the main memory is full. Programs not in use are temporarily moved to this virtual memory.

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What is disk thrashing?

When the system becomes slow due to excessive swapping of pages between the hard disk and main memory.

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What is an interrupt?

A signal sent by either hardware or software to tell the processor that something needs attention.

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What is an interrupt register?

A special register that stores interrupts in order of their priority.

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What is an Interrupt Service Routine (ISR)?

A program that handles interrupts by performing specific actions based on the interrupt's type and priority.

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How does an interrupt work?

The processor checks the interrupt register after every Fetch-Decode-Execute cycle. Higher priority interrupts will cause the processor to temporarily save its current state and execute the ISR.

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Interrupt Flag

A signal used to indicate whether an interrupt service routine is currently running.

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Interrupt Queue

A list of interrupts waiting to be serviced, prioritized by importance.

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Scheduling Algorithm

A rule that determines how the operating system allocates processor time to different programs.

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Pre-emptive Scheduling

An algorithm that allows the operating system to interrupt a running program and switch to another, ensuring fairness.

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Non-pre-emptive Scheduling

An algorithm that allows a program to run uninterrupted until completion, even if other programs are waiting.

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Round Robin Scheduling

An algorithm that gives each program a fixed amount of processor time (time slice) in a rotating fashion.

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First Come First Served (FCFS)

An algorithm that processes programs in the order they arrive, regardless of priority.

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Multilevel Feedback Queue

A scheduling method that uses multiple queues with different priority levels to handle jobs. Jobs are moved between queues based on their priority and waiting time.

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Shortest Job First

A scheduling algorithm that prioritizes processing jobs with the shortest estimated completion time.

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Processor Starvation

A situation where a job gets repeatedly delayed and never gets processed, especially in scheduling algorithms like Shortest Job First.

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Shortest Remaining Time

A scheduling algorithm that prioritizes jobs that have the least time remaining until completion.

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Distributed Operating System

An operating system that runs across multiple devices, spreading the workload across multiple processors.

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Embedded Operating System

An operating system designed for a specific device, often with limited functionality and optimized for low power consumption.

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Time Slicing

A technique where a program's execution time is divided into small slices, giving the illusion of simultaneous execution for multiple programs.

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Multi-user System

An operating system that allows multiple users to share a single computer, requiring scheduling to ensure fair processor time allocation.

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Virtual Machine

A software program that simulates a computer, allowing you to run different operating systems or software within it.

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Intermediate Code

Code that is a bridge between human-readable code and machine-readable code. It is independent of the specific processor architecture.

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Why use a VM?

Virtual Machines allow programmers to test their software on different systems without needing to buy multiple devices. They also offer protection from malware and can run incompatible software.

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VM Advantages

Running different operating systems and software within one computer, testing applications in various environments, isolating malware, and running incompatible software.

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VM Disadvantage

Running code within a VM can be slower compared to running it directly on the intended hardware.

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Real-time OS

An operating system designed to guarantee response times for tasks, critical for time-sensitive systems like self-driving cars and nuclear power stations.

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BIOS

The first program that runs when a computer starts up, responsible for initializing hardware and performing essential tests before loading the operating system.

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POST (Power-on Self-Test)

A test performed by the BIOS during startup to ensure all hardware components (like keyboard, disk drives) are correctly connected and functional.

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Device Driver

A program that allows the operating system to interact with hardware devices, providing a bridge between the software and the physical components.

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Device Driver Specificity

Device drivers are specific to both the computer architecture (e.g., smartphone, PC) and the operating system installed on the device.

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Guaranteed Time Frame

A specific timeframe within which a task must be completed in a real-time operating system, essential for ensuring timely responses.

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Study Notes

OCR Computer Science A Level - 1.2.1 Systems Software

  • Operating Systems: Collections of programs interacting between the user and computer, managing memory and resources. Crucial for devices like laptops, mobile phones and consoles. Examples include Windows, macOS, iOS, and Android.

  • Operating System Functions:

    • Memory Management: Distributing memory fairly between programs.
    • Paging: Dividing memory into equal-sized sections to swap between main memory and hard disk.
    • Segmentation: Dividing memory into logical blocks (segments) representing program structure.
    • Virtual Memory: Using a section of hard drive as RAM to temporarily store programs when physical memory is low. This can lead to "disk thrashing" if excessive swapping occurs.
    • Scheduling: Ensuring fair processor time for active programs.
      • Preemptive: Jobs start and stop based on OS intervention
      • **Non-Preemptive:**Jobs proceed until completed, leading to possible starvation.
    • Types of Operating Systems:
      • Distributed: Spread across multiple devices.
      • Embedded: Limited functionality in specific devices.
      • Multitasking: Seemingly simultaneous program execution via time-slicing.
      • Multi-user: Several users can use a single computer concurrently.
      • Real-time: Tasks completed within a specified time.
    • BIOS (Basic Input/Output System): First program run upon booting, performing self-tests (POST), connecting hardware, and loading the OS.
    • Device Drivers: Programs that interface the operating system to hardware for communication. Crucial for handling devices like keyboards or printers.
    • Virtual Machines: Software implementations of entire computers, enabling execution of operating systems or programs in an isolated environment.

  • Interrupts: Signals that indicate a process or hardware needs the processor's attention. Stored in a priority queue within an interrupt register for servicing. Interrupt Service Routine (ISR) handles interrupts appropriately.

  • Scheduling Algorithms:

    • First-Come, First-Served (FCFS): Tasks are processed in the order they arrive.
    • Multilevel Feedback Queues: Using multiple priority queues to give preference to jobs.
    • Shortest Job First: Prioritizes tasks needing the shortest processing time.
    • Shortest Remaining Time: Prioritizes tasks requiring the least remaining processing time.
    • Round Robin: Each job gets a fixed time slice on the processor, allowing for fairness.
    • Processor Starvation: A potential issue in scheduling where a longer task may never be completed if continually preempted or not prioritized over shorter tasks.

  • Memory Management Techniques

    • Interrupts have different priorities to indicate urgency

  • Intermediate Code: A form of code that sits between machine code and object code; independent of the processor architecture.

  • Virtual Machine Uses:

    • Malware Protection: Isolating potential malware from the host device.
    • Program Compatibility: Enabling less-common programs, versions, or operating systems to run.
    • Reduced Hardware Costs: Testing software on multiple virtual systems without purchasing separate hardware.

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OCR Computer Science A Level 1.2.1 Systems Software Notes PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on operating systems with this quiz. It covers features, memory management techniques, and the roles of various components within operating systems. Perfect for students and enthusiasts looking to reinforce their understanding of OS concepts.

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