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Questions and Answers
What does a running program do?
It executes instructions.
What happens after the processor finishes an instruction?
Moves on to the next instruction.
The operating system transforms physical resources into a more powerful and easy-to-use virtual form.
True
What do we sometimes refer to as the operating system?
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What do operating systems export for applications?
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What is one benefit of virtualization in operating systems?
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What does a running program do?
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What does the processor do when it fetches an instruction?
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The operating system does not provide any interfaces for applications.
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What does the OS transform to make a resource more usable?
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How many system calls does a typical OS export?
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What is the purpose of virtualization in operating systems?
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Study Notes
What Happens When a Program Runs?
- Programs execute instructions millions of times every second.
- The processor fetches an instruction, decodes it, and executes it.
- After completing an instruction, the processor moves to the next instruction until the program completes.
- The OS acts as a virtual machine, transforming physical resources (CPU, Memory, Disk) into easy-to-use virtual forms.
System Calls (Standard Library)
- The OS provides system calls (APIs) for applications to interact with its features (running programs, allocating memory, accessing files).
- Typical OSs provide hundreds of system calls.
- The OS provides a standard library to applications for actions like running programs, accessing memory, and using devices.
Virtualization
- Multiple programs can share the CPU, memory, and devices simultaneously.
- This allows several programs to run concurrently.
Resource Manager
- The OS manages the use of resources (CPU, memory, disk) for multiple programs.
- This enables efficient resource allocation and prevents conflicts.
Running Programs
- A program executes instructions millions or billions of times per second.
- The processor fetches, decodes, and executes instructions.
- The processor moves to the next instruction upon completing one instruction.
Operating Systems
- The Operating system (OS) transforms physical resources into virtual resources.
- Virtual resources are easier to use, more powerful, and more general.
- Operating systems are sometimes called virtual machines due to their ability to virtualize physical resources.
System Calls and Standard Libraries
- To make use of virtual resources, the OS provides system calls which are application programming interfaces (APIs).
- The OS provides hundreds of system calls for applications.
- System calls allow applications to access memory, devices, and run programs.
- The OS provides a standard library of system calls for applications to use.
Virtualization
- Virtualization allows programs to share the CPU, memory, and devices.
- This allows for concurrent access to resources.
- Virtualization allows multiple programs to use the same physical resources simultaneously.
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Description
This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of operating systems, including how programs run, system calls, virtualization, and resource management. Understand the role of the OS as a bridge between hardware and applications, ensuring efficient execution of multiple programs simultaneously.
