Operating Systems Overview and Concepts
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of virtual memory?

  • To allow programs to use more memory than physically available RAM by using disk space (correct)
  • To increase the physical RAM available to the CPU
  • To directly access data on the hard drive faster
  • To manage cache memory more efficiently

    • Which of the following best describes a primary difference between paging and segmentation?

  • Paging divides memory into variable-sized blocks while segmentation uses fixed-size blocks.
  • Segmentation is faster, whereas paging is slower due to address translation overhead.
  • Paging is a software technique and segmentation is a hardware based technique.
  • Paging divides memory into fixed-size blocks while segmentation uses variable-sized blocks. (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT a typical method for Inter-Process Communication (IPC)?

  • Message Queues
  • Semaphores
  • Direct Memory Access (DMA) (correct)
  • Shared Memory

    • What is a key disadvantage of using a linear list for directory implementation?

    <p>It leads to slower search times as directory size increases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these best describes the function of a 'channel' in the context of device management?

    <p>A dedicated communication path between I/O devices and memory. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of an operating system acts as an interface between the user and the system kernel?

    <p>Shell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a typical function of an operating system?

    <p>Direct Hardware Manipulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Process Control Block (PCB)?

    <p>To store the current state and context of a process (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scheduling algorithm can potentially lead to 'starvation'?

    <p>Priority Scheduling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In memory management, what does the term 'fragmentation' refer to?

    <p>Unused memory space that is too small to allocate to a process (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concept behind virtual memory?

    <p>To expand the amount of usable memory space beyond the physical memory available (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a 'semaphore' in process synchronisation?

    <p>To prevent a process from entering a critical section (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which memory management technique might employ page tables?

    <p>Paging (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Course Overview and Objectives

    • Understand the concept of system and its processes

    Course Outcomes

    • Students will be able to describe basic components of an operating system in general purpose, real-time, and embedded applications
    • Define processes, threads, asynchronous signals, and competitive system resource location
    • Explain multi-tasking and standard scheduling algorithms
    • Give an overview of system memory management
    • Explain file system implementation

    Course Outline

    • Unit 1 (OS concepts): 6 hours
    • Unit 2 (Process management): 5 hours
    • Unit 3 (Memory management): 6 hours
    • Unit 4 (Inter-process communication): 7 hours
    • Unit 5 (Information management): 7 hours

    Detailed Syllabus:

    • Unit 1: Introduction to OS concepts, evolution of OS structures (kernel, shell), general structure of MSDOS and Windows 2000, comparison of ANSI C and C++, need for an operating system, layered architecture/logical structure, types of OS, resource management, virtual machines, OS services, BIOS, system calls/monitor calls, firmware-BIOS, boot strap loader
    • Unit 2: Process management, process and threads, process states, process control block, process scheduling, preemptive and non-preemptive scheduling, dispatcher, scheduling criteria, concurrent/co-operating processes, precedence graph, critical section problem, two-process solution, synchronization hardware, semaphores, deadlock detection/handling/prevention/avoidance, starvation, critical regions, monitors, inter-process communication
    • Unit 3: Memory management, objectives and functions, simple resident monitor program, overlays, swapping, schemes, paging (simple, multi-level), internal/external fragmentation, virtual memory concept, demand paging, page interrupt fault, page replacement algorithms, segmentation (simple, multi-level, segmentation with paging), cache memory
    • Unit 4: Inter-process communication, virtual memory, concept, virtual address space, paging schematics, pure segmentation, segmentation with paging, hardware support and implementation details, memory fragments, overview of IPC methods, pipes, popen, pclose functions, co-processes, FIFOs, system V IPC, message queues, semaphores, inter-process communication, shared memory, client-server properties, stream pipes, passing file descriptors, and an open server-version 1, client-server connections functions
    • Unit 5: Information management, files and directories, directory structure, directory implementation (linear lists, hash tables), device management (dedicated, shared, virtual devices), serial access devices, direct access devices, direct access storage devices, channels and control units, disk scheduling methods

    Textbooks and Reference Books

    • Operating Systems Concepts by Silberschatz, Galvin (2008)
    • Modern Operating Systems by Tenenbaum (2005)
    • Operating Systems by William Stallings (2002)
    • UNIX System Programming by Terrence Chan (1999)
    • Advanced Programming in UNIX Environment by W. Richard Stevens (2005)

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    PGCSA102: Operating Systems PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the essential concepts and components of operating systems, including process management, memory management, and file system implementation. Gain a comprehensive understanding of how operating systems function across various applications, from general purpose to embedded systems.

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