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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of process management in an operating system?
What is the primary purpose of process management in an operating system?
Which of the following scheduling algorithms is designed to prioritize processes based on their computational needs?
Which of the following scheduling algorithms is designed to prioritize processes based on their computational needs?
What is the primary purpose of memory management in an operating system?
What is the primary purpose of memory management in an operating system?
Which of the following is a characteristic of a cooperating process in an operating system?
Which of the following is a characteristic of a cooperating process in an operating system?
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What is the primary function of the input/output (I/O) system in an operating system?
What is the primary function of the input/output (I/O) system in an operating system?
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Which of the following is a key component of the file system in an operating system?
Which of the following is a key component of the file system in an operating system?
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Study Notes
Operating Systems
Operating systems (OS) play a crucial role in ensuring efficient operation of computer systems. They provide a platform for users to interact with software and hardware, and enable applications to run on them. In this article, we will discuss the key components of operating systems in detail: process management, memory management, file systems, and input/output (I/O) systems.
Process Management
Process management is a critical part of any operating system. It involves managing multiple processes, which are instances of running programs, concurrently within a single CPU environment. The OS ensures that each process gets a fair share of the processor time by implementing scheduling algorithms such as First Come-First Serve (FCFS), Shortest-Job-First (SJF), Priority, Round-Robin, Multilevel Queue Scheduling, etc., depending on the objectives of the system. A cooperating process is one that can affect or be affected by other processes executing in the system. For example, they may either directly share a logical address space or only through files.
Memory Management
Memory management refers to the handling of primary memory, also known as main memory. This large array of words or bytes allows direct access by the CPU for execution of programs. An OS keeps track of the memory usage and decides which process should get memory when and how much. Allocation and deallocation of memory are also handled by the operating system.
File Systems
File systems are an integral part of operating systems. They provide a hierarchical structure for easy navigation and usage. The OS keeps track of files and directories, their locations, uses, status, etc., collectively known as "file system". It decides who gets access to resources based on permissions and allocates or deallocates them accordingly.
Input/Output Systems
Input/output device management involves managing communication between computer hardware and peripherals like keyboards, mice, printers, etc. The OS controls these devices through respective drivers, making decisions about which process should get control over a specific I/O device when and for how long. Efficient allocation and deallocation of devices ensure maximum concurrency in handling I/O operations.
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Description
Learn about the key components of operating systems - process management, memory management, file systems, and input/output (I/O) systems. Explore how operating systems handle processes, memory, files, and communication with peripherals.
