Operating Systems and Networking Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which operating system became known for its stability and ease of use in the early 2000s?

Symbian

Windows XP (correct)

Chrome OS

Mac OS X

What is the primary function of an input device?

To execute program instructions directly.

To display data processed by the computer.

To store data for later use.

To send data and interact with the computer. (correct)

Which of the following operating systems is specifically designed for web-based applications and remote computing?

iOS

Symbian

Chrome OS (correct)

Android

What common feature was introduced in Apple's Mac OS X, which is a main feature of that OS?

Spotlight and Time Machine Signup and view all the answers

In the context of modern operating systems, what does sandboxing primarily assist in achieving?

Security Enhancement Signup and view all the answers

Which of these technologies allows applications to run in isolated environments, optimizing resource use?

Containerization Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of hardware that converts physical images to digital form?

Scanner Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of operating systems in edge computing?

To support localized processing on edge devices. Signup and view all the answers

Which networking model is specifically used for internet communications?

DoD (TCP/IP) Model Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol prioritizes speed over reliability, making it suitable for applications that can tolerate some packet loss?

UDP Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a Domain Name System (DNS)?

Translating domain names to IP addresses Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a subnet mask in IP networking?

To divide IP addresses into network and host portions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a 'socket' in the context of networking?

A combination of an IP address and port number Signup and view all the answers

What was a key characteristic of early computers, like ENIAC, regarding their operating systems?

They lacked operating systems, with programs hardwired or input manually Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of IBM's FORTRAN Monitor System (FMS)?

To streamline the execution of FORTRAN programs Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a characteristic of batch processing systems?

Sequential execution of offline prepared jobs Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of an asynchronous programming language?

It can produce multiple outputs concurrently. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of a linter in software development?

To identify stylistic and programming errors. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'hardcode' refer to in software development?

Code that is static and cannot be edited after completion. Signup and view all the answers

How does 'inheritance' function in programming?

It allows the creation of new code based on existing code. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Git in a software project?

To track changes and maintain a full version history. Signup and view all the answers

An Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is primarily designed to:

Create, write, test code all in one location. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'binary' represent in the context of digital data?

A two-number system using ones and zeros. Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic unit of digital displays on screen called?

Pixel Signup and view all the answers

In the expression 'X / Y * Z', what are 'X', 'Y', and 'Z' classified as?

Operands Signup and view all the answers

Which of these best describes an 'operator' within a programming context?

A symbol that performs a specific action Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a 'variable' in programming?

It is a location that holds temporary data that can be modified. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a ‘pointer’ in programming?

To store the memory address of a location. Signup and view all the answers

Which option best describes a 'high-level language'?

A language that is close to human language and is compiled. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is most typical of a 'low-level language'?

It is very close to machine language and provides minimal abstraction. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main feature of ‘machine language’?

It consists of binary digits or bits that are directly processed by computers. Signup and view all the answers

What process is necessary for a computer to understand a high-level language?

It must be compiled into machine language. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the primary use of CSS in web development?

Controlling the visual appearance and styling of a website. Signup and view all the answers

Which programming language is known for its use of binary code and is the fundamental language for computer operations?

Machine language Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an 'argument' in the context of programming?

A value that's input into a function when it is run. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is an open-source framework often used by front-end developers as a template for creating websites?

Bootstrap Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean for a language to be 'object-oriented', as described in the text?

It means the language organizes software around data and objects. Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the period when a program is actively being executed?

Runtime Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best explains the purpose of HTML in web development?

To determine what content will appear on the webpage. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of a markup language?

It employs keywords and tags for formatting. Signup and view all the answers

Which language is described as being popular in web development due to its compatibility with HTML?

PHP Signup and view all the answers

Where does a program commonly retrieve the data needed to display information?

From the source data location. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of an algorithm in computing, according to the text?

To define a sequence of steps to solve a problem. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the functionality of a 'backend' process?

Handles tasks that users do not directly interact with. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a front-end developer?

To develop user interfaces. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is most likely a server-side operation?

Processing a search engine query. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a 'package' in programming?

To organize related classes and interfaces. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a markup language?

HTML Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Networking Basics

Switches: Managed on-premises switches configure and monitor Local Area Networks (LANs), providing tighter network traffic control.
Cloud-managed switches simplify network management with user-friendly interfaces. They offer multisite management, automatic updates, and full-stack control.
Routers: Connect multiple networks and determine the best paths for data transmission across the internet. They act as dispatchers.
Access Points: Enable wireless connections for devices, amplify network signals, and support varied IEEE standards (differing in frequency, bandwidth, and channels).

Wireless Networking Deployments

Centralized Deployment: Common for campuses with nearby buildings and networks.
Converged Deployment: Combines wired and wireless networks in small campuses or branch offices.
Cloud-Based Deployment: Employs cloud management for on-premises devices.

Computer Network Components

Nodes: Devices like routers, switches, or computers, connected to a network.
Links: Physical (wires/cables) or wireless connections.

Types of Enterprise Networks

LAN (Local Area Network): Connects devices in a small area (e.g., home, office).
WAN (Wide Area Network): Spans large areas (e.g., cities, countries).
Cloud Networks: Hosted on public or private cloud services, for on-demand access.
PAN (Personal Area Network): Networks for close-range communication.
CAN (Campus Area Network): Connects LANs in a campus area.
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Networks within a metropolitan area.
SAN (Storage Area Network): High-speed access for storage devices.
VPN (Virtual Private Network): Secure communication over public networks.

Network Architecture

Client-Server: Centralized servers provide services to clients.
Peer-to-Peer: Devices act as both clients and servers.

Key Network Concepts

IP Address: Unique identifier for devices.
MAC Address: Physical address assigned to a device's Network Interface Card (NIC).
DNS: Converts human-readable domain names to IP addresses.
Firewall: Secures networks by monitoring and controlling network traffic.
Protocols: Govern data transmission (e.g., TCP/IP, HTTP, FTP).

Networking Models

OSI Model: Seven layers (Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application)
DoD (TCP/IP) Model: Used for internet communications.

Network Protocols

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): Reliable, connection-oriented, ensuring accurate data delivery.
UDP (User Datagram Protocol): Faster but connectionless, prioritizing speed over reliability.
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): Transfers web pages.
HTTPS (Secure HTTP): Transfers web pages with encryption.
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): Sends emails.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol): Transfers files between systems.
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol): Automatically assigns IP addresses to devices.
DNS (Domain Name System): Resolves human readable domain names into numerical IP addresses.

Security and Performance

Encryption: Protects data (e.g., VPN, HTTPS)
Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS): Detect security threats.
Access Control: Limits resource access.
Firewall: Blocks unauthorized traffic.
Latency: Time for data to travel across the network.

Other Stuff

What is an IP Address? Unique identifier for devices on a network, enabling communication.
Difference Between TCP and UDP? TCP is reliable, ensuring data delivery; UDP is faster but makes no guarantees.
What is NAT? Translates private IP addresses to public IPs for internet access.
What is a Subnet Mask? Divides IP addresses into network and host portions.
What is a Socket? Combination of an IP address and port number.

History of Operating Systems

Early Computing (1940s–1950s): Early computers lacked operating systems.
First Generation (1950s-Early 1960s): Single-tasking, batch systems emerged, using punched cards.
Second Generation (1960s): Multiprogramming and time-sharing systems, like CTSS, evolved.
Third Generation (1970s): Unix development and personal computing, with early personal computers like the CP/M, and IBM's VM/370.
Fourth Generation (1980s): Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) arise with the Apple Lisa and Macintosh, and operating systems like Microsoft DOS and Windows.
Fifth Generation (1990s): Rise of modern operating systems, including Windows 95, Linux, and Mac OS X.
Sixth Generation (2000s-Present): Mobile and cloud computing, with Windows XP, macOS evolution, mobile OS like Android and iOS, and the rise of cloud based OS like Chrome OS.
Seventh Generation (2000s-Present): Modern computing trends include cloud computing, AI, and edge computing.

Computer Hardware: Overview and Components

What is Computer Hardware?: Physical components a user can see and touch.
Types of Hardware Components: Input devices, output devices, storage devices, internal components.
Input Devices: Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Trackball, Light Pen, Microphone, Optical Character Reader (OCR), Bar Code Reader
Output Devices: Monitor, Printer, Plotter, Speakers,
Storage Devices: CD, DVD, Hard Disk
Internal Components: CPU, RAM, Motherboard, VGA Port, Power Supply, Cooling Fan, Hard Drive.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the evolution and functionality of operating systems and networking concepts. This quiz covers key features, protocols, and technologies that shaped computing in the early 2000s and beyond. Challenge yourself with questions about input devices, sandboxing, and more.