Operating Systems and Networking Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which operating system became known for its stability and ease of use in the early 2000s?

  • Symbian
  • Windows XP (correct)
  • Chrome OS
  • Mac OS X

What is the primary function of an input device?

  • To execute program instructions directly.
  • To display data processed by the computer.
  • To store data for later use.
  • To send data and interact with the computer. (correct)

Which of the following operating systems is specifically designed for web-based applications and remote computing?

  • iOS
  • Symbian
  • Chrome OS (correct)
  • Android

What common feature was introduced in Apple's Mac OS X, which is a main feature of that OS?

<p>Spotlight and Time Machine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of modern operating systems, what does sandboxing primarily assist in achieving?

<p>Security Enhancement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these technologies allows applications to run in isolated environments, optimizing resource use?

<p>Containerization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of hardware that converts physical images to digital form?

<p>Scanner (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of operating systems in edge computing?

<p>To support localized processing on edge devices. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which networking model is specifically used for internet communications?

<p>DoD (TCP/IP) Model (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol prioritizes speed over reliability, making it suitable for applications that can tolerate some packet loss?

<p>UDP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a Domain Name System (DNS)?

<p>Translating domain names to IP addresses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a subnet mask in IP networking?

<p>To divide IP addresses into network and host portions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a 'socket' in the context of networking?

<p>A combination of an IP address and port number (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key characteristic of early computers, like ENIAC, regarding their operating systems?

<p>They lacked operating systems, with programs hardwired or input manually (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of IBM's FORTRAN Monitor System (FMS)?

<p>To streamline the execution of FORTRAN programs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a characteristic of batch processing systems?

<p>Sequential execution of offline prepared jobs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of an asynchronous programming language?

<p>It can produce multiple outputs concurrently. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of a linter in software development?

<p>To identify stylistic and programming errors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'hardcode' refer to in software development?

<p>Code that is static and cannot be edited after completion. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does 'inheritance' function in programming?

<p>It allows the creation of new code based on existing code. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Git in a software project?

<p>To track changes and maintain a full version history. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is primarily designed to:

<p>Create, write, test code all in one location. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'binary' represent in the context of digital data?

<p>A two-number system using ones and zeros. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic unit of digital displays on screen called?

<p>Pixel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the expression 'X / Y * Z', what are 'X', 'Y', and 'Z' classified as?

<p>Operands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these best describes an 'operator' within a programming context?

<p>A symbol that performs a specific action (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a 'variable' in programming?

<p>It is a location that holds temporary data that can be modified. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a ‘pointer’ in programming?

<p>To store the memory address of a location. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option best describes a 'high-level language'?

<p>A language that is close to human language and is compiled. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is most typical of a 'low-level language'?

<p>It is very close to machine language and provides minimal abstraction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main feature of ‘machine language’?

<p>It consists of binary digits or bits that are directly processed by computers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process is necessary for a computer to understand a high-level language?

<p>It must be compiled into machine language. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the primary use of CSS in web development?

<p>Controlling the visual appearance and styling of a website. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which programming language is known for its use of binary code and is the fundamental language for computer operations?

<p>Machine language (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an 'argument' in the context of programming?

<p>A value that's input into a function when it is run. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is an open-source framework often used by front-end developers as a template for creating websites?

<p>Bootstrap (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean for a language to be 'object-oriented', as described in the text?

<p>It means the language organizes software around data and objects. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the period when a program is actively being executed?

<p>Runtime (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best explains the purpose of HTML in web development?

<p>To determine what content will appear on the webpage. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of a markup language?

<p>It employs keywords and tags for formatting. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which language is described as being popular in web development due to its compatibility with HTML?

<p>PHP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does a program commonly retrieve the data needed to display information?

<p>From the source data location. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of an algorithm in computing, according to the text?

<p>To define a sequence of steps to solve a problem. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the functionality of a 'backend' process?

<p>Handles tasks that users do not directly interact with. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a front-end developer?

<p>To develop user interfaces. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is most likely a server-side operation?

<p>Processing a search engine query. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a 'package' in programming?

<p>To organize related classes and interfaces. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a markup language?

<p>HTML (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is an IP address?

A unique identifier for devices on a network, allowing them to communicate with each other.

Difference between TCP and UDP?

TCP guarantees data delivery, making it reliable but slower. UDP prioritizes speed over accuracy, offering faster but less reliable communication.

What is NAT?

NAT translates private IP addresses used within a private network to public IP addresses used for internet access. This allows multiple devices on a private network to share a single public IP address.

What is a Subnet Mask?

A subnet mask divides an IP address into two parts: the network portion, identifying the network to which the device belongs, and the host portion, identifying the specific device within the network.

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What is a socket?

A socket uniquely identifies an application process on a particular device on a network. It is a combination of an IP address and a port number.

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What is the OSI Model?

A set of layers that define how data is transmitted across a network. Each layer has its own specific functions and protocols.

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What is the DoD (TCP/IP) Model?

A model with four layers that explains how data flows over the internet. It is widely used in internet communication.

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What is access control?

A type of network security that limits who can access specific resources or data. It involves various methods like passwords, user authentication, and access control lists.

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Input devices

A category of hardware that receives data from the user, allowing them to communicate with the computer.

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Keyboard

A type of input device used to enter text or commands into a computer. It consists of keys arranged in a specific layout.

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Mouse

A type of input device that controls the cursor on a screen. It uses a sensor to detect movement and buttons to interact with the screen.

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Scanner

A type of input device that converts physical images or documents into digital format.

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Trackball

A stationary device used for screen navigation, with a movable ball that controls the cursor.

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Light Pen

A touch-sensitive pen used to draw or select items on CRT screens.

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Microphone

A type of input device that converts sound into electrical signals for recording or voice recognition.

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Output devices

A category of hardware that displays information from the computer to the user, providing visual output.

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Apache

Apache is an open-source software used by developers to host their web projects, making it possible for visitors to access and use the programmed elements.

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Asynchronous programming language

An asynchronous programming language allows programs or pages to produce multiple outputs at once by ignoring the order in which code is executed.

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Binary

Binary is a system used to represent digital data with ones and zeros, where '1' indicates signal flow and '0' indicates a signal turned off.

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Block coding

Block coding uses visual blocks instead of text to create programs, making it easier for beginners to learn and understand.

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Hardcode

Hardcoding is a completed project where the code is static and cannot be edited. Think of a locked box with no way to change its contents.

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Git

Git is software that tracks changes in project development and keeps a complete version history of the software. It's like a time machine for code!

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Inheritance

Inheritance allows new code to be built upon existing code, inheriting its properties and methods, making the new code more enhanced.

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Integrated Development Environment

An Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is software used by programmers to write and test code in a single, secure location. It's a code factory with everything in one place.

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What are operators?

Symbols like +,-,*,/, etc. that perform operations on data.

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What is a variable?

A temporary storage location for data within a program that can be changed.

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What is a pointer?

A special variable that stores the memory address of another variable or data.

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What is a high-level language?

A programming language designed to be easily understood by humans, abstracting away machine complexities.

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What is a low-level language?

A programming language closer to machine code, providing less abstraction and more direct control.

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What is machine language?

The fundamental language understood by computers, consisting of binary digits.

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What are operands?

Data that a program manipulates or works with, like numbers, text, or images.

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What is a compiler?

A program that translates human-readable code into machine-readable instructions.

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Algorithm

A set of instructions that a computer follows to solve a problem or achieve a goal. For example, a sorting algorithm arranges data in a specific order.

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Argument

A specific value that is passed into a function when it is called.

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Bootstrap

An open-source framework for building websites, providing pre-written code for common elements like buttons, forms, and navigation.

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C++

A powerful general-purpose programming language that is widely used for creating high-performance applications.

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CSS

A standardized language for controlling the visual appearance of web pages, defining elements like colors, fonts, layout, and styles.

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Machine Code

A programming language that uses binary code (0s and 1s) to directly instruct a computer's processor. It is the most fundamental language for computers to understand.

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PHP

A general-purpose scripting language that is popular for web development due to its seamless integration with HTML.

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Python

A versatile programming language known for its readability and simplicity, making it suitable for various tasks like web development, data analysis, and machine learning.

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Markup language

A language that uses tags and keywords to format the appearance of a web page.

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Package

A collection of related classes and interfaces organized together in a programming language. It helps structure and manage code.

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Runtime

The period when a program is actively running on a computer. It includes the execution time and all operations performed while the program is running.

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Backend

Tasks and processes happening behind the scenes of a program, without direct user interaction. Typically involves data processing and complex logic.

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Front-end

The user interface of a program or device, what the user directly interacts with. It aims to be intuitive and easy to navigate.

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Server-side

Procedures and processes that happen on the server side of a website or application. This typically involves handling user requests and data manipulation.

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Source data

The location from which data is pulled and used by a program. This could be a database, spreadsheet, or even pre-defined data within the program.

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HTML

A specific type of markup language that is widely used for creating structure and content of web pages.

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Study Notes

Networking Basics

  • Switches: Managed on-premises switches configure and monitor Local Area Networks (LANs), providing tighter network traffic control.
  • Cloud-managed switches simplify network management with user-friendly interfaces. They offer multisite management, automatic updates, and full-stack control.
  • Routers: Connect multiple networks and determine the best paths for data transmission across the internet. They act as dispatchers.
  • Access Points: Enable wireless connections for devices, amplify network signals, and support varied IEEE standards (differing in frequency, bandwidth, and channels).

Wireless Networking Deployments

  • Centralized Deployment: Common for campuses with nearby buildings and networks.
  • Converged Deployment: Combines wired and wireless networks in small campuses or branch offices.
  • Cloud-Based Deployment: Employs cloud management for on-premises devices.

Computer Network Components

  • Nodes: Devices like routers, switches, or computers, connected to a network.
  • Links: Physical (wires/cables) or wireless connections.

Types of Enterprise Networks

  • LAN (Local Area Network): Connects devices in a small area (e.g., home, office).
  • WAN (Wide Area Network): Spans large areas (e.g., cities, countries).
  • Cloud Networks: Hosted on public or private cloud services, for on-demand access.
  • PAN (Personal Area Network): Networks for close-range communication.
  • CAN (Campus Area Network): Connects LANs in a campus area.
  • MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Networks within a metropolitan area.
  • SAN (Storage Area Network): High-speed access for storage devices.
  • VPN (Virtual Private Network): Secure communication over public networks.

Network Architecture

  • Client-Server: Centralized servers provide services to clients.
  • Peer-to-Peer: Devices act as both clients and servers.

Key Network Concepts

  • IP Address: Unique identifier for devices.
  • MAC Address: Physical address assigned to a device's Network Interface Card (NIC).
  • DNS: Converts human-readable domain names to IP addresses.
  • Firewall: Secures networks by monitoring and controlling network traffic.
  • Protocols: Govern data transmission (e.g., TCP/IP, HTTP, FTP).

Networking Models

  • OSI Model: Seven layers (Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application)
  • DoD (TCP/IP) Model: Used for internet communications.

Network Protocols

  • TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): Reliable, connection-oriented, ensuring accurate data delivery.
  • UDP (User Datagram Protocol): Faster but connectionless, prioritizing speed over reliability.
  • HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): Transfers web pages.
  • HTTPS (Secure HTTP): Transfers web pages with encryption.
  • SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): Sends emails.
  • FTP (File Transfer Protocol): Transfers files between systems.
  • DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol): Automatically assigns IP addresses to devices.
  • DNS (Domain Name System): Resolves human readable domain names into numerical IP addresses.

Security and Performance

  • Encryption: Protects data (e.g., VPN, HTTPS)
  • Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS): Detect security threats.
  • Access Control: Limits resource access.
  • Firewall: Blocks unauthorized traffic.
  • Latency: Time for data to travel across the network.

Other Stuff

  • What is an IP Address? Unique identifier for devices on a network, enabling communication.
  • Difference Between TCP and UDP? TCP is reliable, ensuring data delivery; UDP is faster but makes no guarantees.
  • What is NAT? Translates private IP addresses to public IPs for internet access.
  • What is a Subnet Mask? Divides IP addresses into network and host portions.
  • What is a Socket? Combination of an IP address and port number.

History of Operating Systems

  • Early Computing (1940s–1950s): Early computers lacked operating systems.
  • First Generation (1950s-Early 1960s): Single-tasking, batch systems emerged, using punched cards.
  • Second Generation (1960s): Multiprogramming and time-sharing systems, like CTSS, evolved.
  • Third Generation (1970s): Unix development and personal computing, with early personal computers like the CP/M, and IBM's VM/370.
  • Fourth Generation (1980s): Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) arise with the Apple Lisa and Macintosh, and operating systems like Microsoft DOS and Windows.
  • Fifth Generation (1990s): Rise of modern operating systems, including Windows 95, Linux, and Mac OS X.
  • Sixth Generation (2000s-Present): Mobile and cloud computing, with Windows XP, macOS evolution, mobile OS like Android and iOS, and the rise of cloud based OS like Chrome OS.
  • Seventh Generation (2000s-Present): Modern computing trends include cloud computing, AI, and edge computing.

Computer Hardware: Overview and Components

  • What is Computer Hardware?: Physical components a user can see and touch.
  • Types of Hardware Components: Input devices, output devices, storage devices, internal components.
  • Input Devices: Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Trackball, Light Pen, Microphone, Optical Character Reader (OCR), Bar Code Reader
  • Output Devices: Monitor, Printer, Plotter, Speakers,
  • Storage Devices: CD, DVD, Hard Disk
  • Internal Components: CPU, RAM, Motherboard, VGA Port, Power Supply, Cooling Fan, Hard Drive.

Other Topics

  • Smartphones and Tablets: Apple iPhone and iPad revolutionized personal computing.
  • AI and Quantum Computing: Advancements in machine learning, natural language processing, and quantum computing.
  • IoT (Internet of Things): Connected devices form an interconnected ecosystem.
  • Future Directions: Trends like neuromorphic computing, edge computing, and quantum advancements.
  • Coding Terms: Agile, Back end, Bug, Build, Bit, Byte, Call, Machine language, Command line interface, Compiler, Conditional Statement, Constants, Data Type, Declaration, Exception, Expression, Loop, Object, Operator, Pointer, Array, Variable, Class.

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Test your knowledge on the evolution and functionality of operating systems and networking concepts. This quiz covers key features, protocols, and technologies that shaped computing in the early 2000s and beyond. Challenge yourself with questions about input devices, sandboxing, and more.

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