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Questions and Answers
Which operating system type utilizes an operator to group similar jobs together, processing them without direct user interaction?
Which operating system type utilizes an operator to group similar jobs together, processing them without direct user interaction?
- Batch Operating System (correct)
- Network Operating System
- Real-Time Operating System
- Time-Sharing Operating System
A key benefit of time-sharing operating systems is resource sharing. What does this primarily enable?
A key benefit of time-sharing operating systems is resource sharing. What does this primarily enable?
- Simultaneous use of resources such as CPU, memory, and peripherals by multiple users. (correct)
- Guaranteed real-time response for critical applications.
- Exclusive access to hardware by a single user.
- Dedicated allocation of resources to batch processing tasks.
Which of the following is a primary challenge associated with time-sharing operating systems due to multiple users sharing resources?
Which of the following is a primary challenge associated with time-sharing operating systems due to multiple users sharing resources?
- Improved data reliability
- Increased security risks (correct)
- Simplified system architecture
- Reduced system overhead
Consider a scenario where multiple computers are connected to share resources, but each computer maintains its own independent memory and CPU. What type of operating system is most likely managing this setup?
Consider a scenario where multiple computers are connected to share resources, but each computer maintains its own independent memory and CPU. What type of operating system is most likely managing this setup?
In a network operating system, users are typically aware of the underlying configuration and connections of other users within the network. What term best describes this type of system?
In a network operating system, users are typically aware of the underlying configuration and connections of other users within the network. What term best describes this type of system?
What is the primary characteristic of a Hard Real-Time Operating System that distinguishes it from other types of operating systems?
What is the primary characteristic of a Hard Real-Time Operating System that distinguishes it from other types of operating systems?
Consider a system where multiple CPUs are used to increase throughput. What type of operating system is being used to manage the resources?
Consider a system where multiple CPUs are used to increase throughput. What type of operating system is being used to manage the resources?
Which operating system is designed to manage resources such as data, users, and security for a small, private network?
Which operating system is designed to manage resources such as data, users, and security for a small, private network?
What is the main purpose of an operating system?
What is the main purpose of an operating system?
In time-sharing systems, each task is given a specific time interval to execute, after which the OS switches to the next task. What is this time interval commonly called?
In time-sharing systems, each task is given a specific time interval to execute, after which the OS switches to the next task. What is this time interval commonly called?
Flashcards
Batch Operating System
Batch Operating System
Operating system that processes groups of similar jobs together without direct user interaction.
Multiprogramming Operating System
Multiprogramming Operating System
Operating system where multiple programs reside in memory, improving resource utilization by keeping the CPU busy.
Time-Sharing Operating System
Time-Sharing Operating System
A multitasking system where each task is given a time slice (quantum) to execute in a round-robin manner.
Multi-Processing Operating System
Multi-Processing Operating System
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Distributed Operating System
Distributed Operating System
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Network Operating System
Network Operating System
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Real-Time Operating System (RTOS)
Real-Time Operating System (RTOS)
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Hard Real-Time OS
Hard Real-Time OS
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Mobile Operating Systems
Mobile Operating Systems
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Operating System (OS)
Operating System (OS)
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Study Notes
- Operating systems do not interact with the computer directly; an operator groups similar jobs into batches, managing and executing them efficiently.
- Batch systems allow multiple users to share resources, but a job failure can cause unknown delays for others.
- Multiprogramming operating systems have multiple programs in main memory, improving resource utilization and overall system performance.
- A time-sharing system is a type of multiprogramming system using round robin, where each task gets a time quantum to execute, ensuring smooth multitasking and reducing CPU idle time.
- Time-sharing systems allow multiple users to share hardware resources, improving productivity and user experience with real-time interaction.
- Time-sharing systems have reliability and data communication issues, along with high overhead, complexity, and security risks.
- IBM VM/CMS, introduced in 1972, is a time-sharing OS providing a virtual machine environment.
- TSO, introduced in the 1960s by IBM, is a time-sharing OS for the IBM System/360 mainframe.
- Windows Terminal Services is a time-sharing OS allowing remote access to a Windows server.
- Multi-Processing Operating System uses more than one CPU to increase system throughput with parallel processing.
- Multi-Processing Operating Systems allow multiple active users and can be multiprocessor or single-processor with interleaving.
- Distributed Operating Systems involve autonomous, interconnected computers communicating over a shared network, each with its own memory and CPU.
- Distributed systems enable remote access to files or software not present on the user's system.
- In distributed systems, the failure of one system does not affect others due to their independence.
- Distributed systems face challenges such as networking delays and data inconsistency.
- Distributed systems require control functions across multiple nodes for speed and reliability, and are vulnerable to security breaches.
- Network Operating Systems manage data, users, security, and applications over a private network.
- In Network Operating Systems users are aware of the network’s underlying configuration, which are tightly coupled.
- Network Operating Systems have highly stable centralized servers.
- Examples of Network Operating Systems are Microsoft Windows Server, UNIX, Linux, Mac OS X, Novell NetWare, and BSD.
- Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS) serve systems with strict time requirements, such as missile systems and air traffic control.
- Hard Real-Time OSs are for applications where delays are unacceptable, like automatic parachutes, and rarely use virtual memory.
- Real-Time Operating Systems maximize device utilization, assign very little time for shifting tasks, and prioritize running applications.
- Real-Time Operating Systems are typically error-free but can be expensive and have limited resources.
- Mobile Operating Systems comes in various types, each used for specific needs and tasks.
- Batch operating systems process batches of jobs without user interaction, common in mainframe environments.
- Time-sharing operating systems allow multiple users to use a computer system simultaneously by dividing CPU time among multiple tasks or users.
- Embedded operating systems are designed for specific hardware and tasks in embedded systems like appliances, vehicles, and industrial machines.
- An Operating System (OS) manages hardware and software resources, controlling activities and resource sharing among running applications.
- The Operating System acts as an interface between the user, software, and computer hardware, managing overall resources and operations.
- An operating system is software that manages the allocation of Computer Hardware.
- The primary goal of an Operating System is to execute user programs efficiently by using application programs and hardware systems.
- Operating Systems are developed by companies like Microsoft and Apple.
- Multiprogramming means more than one program can be active at the same time which led to efficient CPU usage.
- Time-sharing is basically Multiprogramming in a computer system.
- A Network Operating System (NOS) is software that provides good GUI, and many more features that connect to a network.
- Real-time operating systems (RTOS) are used in environments where a large number of events happening frequently must be processed rapidly.
- Process Management is easy for single tasking but gets complex in multi programming.
- The operating system assigns a process identification number (PID) to each process to identify multiple support operations.
- Process operations include creating, terminating, suspending, resuming, and communicating between processes.
- Process Schedulers ensures the CPU is efficiently being used for multiprogramming .
- Processes communicate with each other for example, to count occurrences of a word in text file.
- A Context Switching in Operating System manages many program applications.
- Preemptive and Non-Preemptive Scheduling allows access to theCPU.
- CPU Scheduling in Operating Systems is a process used by the operating system to decide which task or process gets to use the CPU at a particular time.
- Multiple-Processor Scheduling allows several CPUs to load balance.
- Multiple-Processor Scheduling can be more complex.
- A Thread in Operating Systems is a single sequence stream within a process.
- Threads are executed one after another, but it gives the illusion that they are executing in parallel.
- The majority of programs written nowadays run as a single thread.
- Process Synchronization is used in a computer system to ensure that multiple processes or threads can run concurrently without interfering with each other.
- Race condition occurs when multiple threads read and write the same variable.
- A critical section is a part of a program where shared resources like memory or files are accessed by multiple processes or threads
- During concurrent execution of processes, processes need to enter the critical section (or the section of the program shared across processes) at times for execution.
- Peterson's Algorithm ensures mutual exclusion meaning only one process can access the critical section at a time and avoids race conditions.
- Semaphores manage how different processes (or programs) share resources, without causing conflicts.
- Semaphores consists of parameters such as Non-negative integer S. V(Semaphore Value) and a set of processes
- The Producer-Consumer problem is a synchronization issue involving producers generating data and consumers processing data, sharing a common buffer.
- The readers-writer problem is about managing access to shared data, allowing multiple readers but only one writer at a time.
- The Dining Philosopher Problem states that a philosopher may eat if he can pick up the two chopsticks adjacent to him
- Hardware synchronization algorithms like Unlock and Lock, Test and Set, Swap.
- Process Synchronization problems occur when there is Race Around Condition.
- A deadlock is a situation where a set of processes is blocked because each process is holding a resource and waiting for another resource acquired by some other process.
- Banker's Algorithm is a resource allocation and deadlock avoidance algorithm used in operating systems.
- Deadlocks are a fundamental problem in distributed systems.
- Deadlock prevention and avoidance are strategies used in computer systems to ensure that different processes can run smoothly without getting stuck waiting for each other forever.
- Deadlock Detection and Recovery is the mechanism of detecting and resolving deadlocks in an operating system.
- Deadlock Ignorance in Operating System occurs in the set of multiple processes.
- Recovery From Deadlock in Operating System is an undesirable situation that can bring operations to a halt.
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