Operating System: Systems Administration

• Operating System (OS) is the element of Systems Administration and Maintenance
• Instructor is Prof. Marc Anthony S. Bautista

Uses of an Operating System

• Resource management directs how a computer resources like CPU, memory and storage are used.
• Resource management ensures everything runs smoothly.
• User Interface provides a way for users to interact with computers.
• User interface makes it possible to give computers instructions.
• File management keeps files sorted and easy to find.
• File management helps create, delete, and access files while keeping everything safe and secure.
• Process Management ensures several programs can run at the same time without crashing.
• Process management keeps track of what each program is doing and ensures they stay organized.
• Memory Management allocates the right amount of memory to each application so they function well without hogging space.
• Security and Access Control protects computers from unauthorized access.
• Security and Access Control requires passwords and permission management to keep data safe.
• Device Management helps computers communicate with devices like printers or external hard drives.
• Device management acts like a translator to ensure hardware works smoothly together.
• Networking handles complex networking processes enabling secure and efficient browsing.
• System Performance Monitoring keeps an eye on a computer's health.
• Running Applications creates a safe space for applications to run, like setting the stage for peak performance.

Windows OS

• Developed by Microsoft.
• Closed-source (proprietary) source code.
• GUI-based (Graphical User Interface).
• Uses NTFS, FAT32, and exFAT.
• More vulnerable to viruses and malware.
• Limited customization due to its proprietary nature.
• System stability may slow down over time due to registry issues.
• Supports multitasking but may slow down with heavy loads.
• Uses administrator and user accounts.
• Compatible with a wide range of software and games.
• Requires a paid license.
• Commonly used in personal computing and businesses.

UNIX OS

• Developed by various sources (AT&T, BSD, Linux, etc.).
• Open-source, except for some proprietary UNIX versions.
• CLI-based (Command Line Interface) but supports GUI (X Window System).
• Uses ext4, XFS, JFS, UFS, and other UNIX file systems.
• More secure due to permission-based access control.
• Highly customizable, especially in Linux versions.
• Known for high stability and efficiency.
• Efficient multitasking and process management.
• Has strong user permissions and role management.
• Primarily used for servers, development, and scientific computing.
• Mostly free, but some proprietary UNIX versions exist.
• Widely used in servers, enterprise environments, and supercomputers.

Installing Windows OS

• Installing and upgrading the OS ensures a computer functions smoothly, securely, and effectively.

Process

• Checking system requirements is the 1st step and involves careful planning
• Creating a Bootable Installation Media involves using the Media Creation Tool from
Microsoft or using Rufus or other third-party tools
• Configuring BIOS/UEFI settings involves the restart of PC and entering BIOS/UEFI.
• Setting the USB drive or DVD as the primary boot device
• Installing Windows using installation media, then selecting language, time, and keyboard layout and the installation type:
  • Custom Installation (Clean Install which deletes all files or Upgrade which retains files and applications
• Completing the installation by following on-screen instructions, installing drivers, and activating Windows with a product key.
• Minimum Processor: 1 GHz or faster with at least 2 cores (64-bit)
• Minimum RAM: 4 GB (Windows 10/11)
• Minimum Storage: 64 GB free space
• Graphics must be compatible with DirectX 12 or later
• Internet connection required for activation and updates

Upgrading Windows OS

• Upgrading from an older version provides access to the most recent features, security upgrades and improved performance.
• The first step is to check for Upgrade Compatibility and verify system requirements for the new version, using Windows PC Health Check for Windows 11
• Second phase involves backup of important data
• Third is to check compatibility and navigate to open Settings > Update & Security > Windows Update, then check for updates and follow the prompts to upgrade.
• Fourth involves Media Creation Tool download from Microsoft
• Fifth involves Performing an In-Place Upgrade so you can keep your files and simply select the Upgrade option
• The final phase involves performing post-upgrade steps to Verify Windows activation, Update device drivers and Restore any missing files from the backup

Installation and upgrade considerations

• Backup data before upgrading or reinstalling
• Ensure that hardware drivers are available for the new OS.
• Be aware that some older programs may not work with the new Windows version.
• Ensure a valid Windows license key is available.