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Questions and Answers
What method can operating systems use to communicate between processes?
What method can operating systems use to communicate between processes?
What is one of the primary roles of error detection in an operating system?
What is one of the primary roles of error detection in an operating system?
Which service is responsible for keeping track of resource usage by users in an operating system?
Which service is responsible for keeping track of resource usage by users in an operating system?
How does an operating system ensure security from external threats?
How does an operating system ensure security from external threats?
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What type of resources require special allocation code in an operating system?
What type of resources require special allocation code in an operating system?
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What does the concept of protection involve in an operating system?
What does the concept of protection involve in an operating system?
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What type of errors might an operating system need to detect?
What type of errors might an operating system need to detect?
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Which aspect of resource allocation is important when multiple users are active?
Which aspect of resource allocation is important when multiple users are active?
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What is a primary function of a command line interface (CLI)?
What is a primary function of a command line interface (CLI)?
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Which of the following shells is NOT commonly associated with UNIX and Linux systems?
Which of the following shells is NOT commonly associated with UNIX and Linux systems?
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What action typically occurs when a user interacts with an icon in a graphical user interface (GUI)?
What action typically occurs when a user interacts with an icon in a graphical user interface (GUI)?
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What is a significant characteristic of a touchscreen interface?
What is a significant characteristic of a touchscreen interface?
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Which of the following is true about the combination of CLI and GUI in modern operating systems?
Which of the following is true about the combination of CLI and GUI in modern operating systems?
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What is a common advantage of using a command line interface over a graphical user interface?
What is a common advantage of using a command line interface over a graphical user interface?
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What does the term 'icon' most commonly refer to in a GUI?
What does the term 'icon' most commonly refer to in a GUI?
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What primarily influences the choice between a CLI and a GUI?
What primarily influences the choice between a CLI and a GUI?
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What is one major advantage of using an API over direct system calls for application programmers?
What is one major advantage of using an API over direct system calls for application programmers?
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Which of the following APIs is primarily used for POSIX-based systems?
Which of the following APIs is primarily used for POSIX-based systems?
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What role does the runtime support system play in relation to system calls?
What role does the runtime support system play in relation to system calls?
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Why can actual system calls be considered more challenging for application programmers?
Why can actual system calls be considered more challenging for application programmers?
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Which API is primarily associated with the Java virtual machine?
Which API is primarily associated with the Java virtual machine?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding the ease of use between APIs and system calls?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the ease of use between APIs and system calls?
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Which of the following is NOT a category of system calls?
Which of the following is NOT a category of system calls?
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What type of system call would you use to create a new process?
What type of system call would you use to create a new process?
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Which action is classified under file management system calls?
Which action is classified under file management system calls?
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Which type of system call involves exchanging messages between processes?
Which type of system call involves exchanging messages between processes?
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What purpose does the protection system call serve?
What purpose does the protection system call serve?
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Which system call would be used to request a device?
Which system call would be used to request a device?
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In the shared-memory model, what is required for processes to exchange information?
In the shared-memory model, what is required for processes to exchange information?
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Which system call would involve setting the time or date of the system?
Which system call would involve setting the time or date of the system?
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What is one function of the user interface in an operating system?
What is one function of the user interface in an operating system?
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What is required for program execution within an operating system?
What is required for program execution within an operating system?
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Which of the following best describes I/O operations in an operating system?
Which of the following best describes I/O operations in an operating system?
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What is a key aspect of file-system manipulation provided by operating systems?
What is a key aspect of file-system manipulation provided by operating systems?
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Why might an operating system provide different file systems?
Why might an operating system provide different file systems?
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Which of the following statements about user interfaces is NOT true?
Which of the following statements about user interfaces is NOT true?
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Study Notes
Operating System Services Overview
- Operating systems create an environment for program execution and provide essential services to both users and applications.
User-Oriented Services
- User Interface (UI): Offered in CLI, GUI, or Batch formats to facilitate user interaction.
- Program Execution: Ability to load, run, and terminate programs, either successfully or due to errors.
- I/O Operations: OS manages input/output requirements for files and devices, enabling access and control.
- File-System Manipulation: Users can create, read, write, delete files and directories, manage permissions, and search files.
- Communications: Supports information exchange between processes locally or over a network, utilizing shared memory and message passing.
- Error Detection: Constant monitoring of hardware, I/O devices, and programs for errors with corresponding actions to maintain integrity.
- Debugging Facilities: Enhances users’ ability to identify and address system issues effectively.
System Efficiency Services
- Resource Allocation: Manages concurrent usage of resources (CPU, memory, I/O), ensuring fair distribution among users and jobs.
- Accounting: Tracks resource usage by different users to manage system performance and billing.
- Protection and Security: Ensures controlled access to resources and protects against unauthorized access, requiring user authentication.
User Operating System Interfaces
- Command-Line Interface (CLI): Allows users to input commands directly; implemented in the kernel or system programs; enables a variety of shell options, such as Bourne or Korn shell.
- Graphical User Interface (GUI): Employs a desktop metaphor with icons and mouse interactions for user-friendly navigation; originally developed at Xerox PARC.
- Combined Interfaces: Many modern systems (e.g., Windows, macOS) offer both CLI and GUI options to cater to user preference.
- Touchscreen Interfaces: Require gesture-based interactions and virtual keyboards due to the absence of traditional input devices.
System APIs and System Calls
- Common APIs include Win32 for Windows, POSIX for UNIX/Linux/Mac OS X, and Java API for JVM.
- Application programmers favor APIs for portability and ease of use compared to direct system calls.
- System Call Interface: Acts as a bridge between application APIs and operating system functions.
Types of System Calls
- Process Control: Managing process life cycle including creation, termination, and attributes (e.g., loading, executing, memory allocation).
- File Management: Operations related to files such as creation, deletion, reading, writing, and managing file attributes.
- Device Management: Handling device requests, releases, input/output operations, and device attributes.
- Information Maintenance: Managing system data such as time/date and system attributes.
- Communications: Facilitating process communication through message passing or shared memory; either directly or via mailboxes.
- Protection: Mechanisms controlling access to system resources to maintain security and stability.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the essential services provided by operating systems. Explore topics such as user interfaces, program execution, and system performance. This quiz covers various aspects of how operating systems facilitate user interactions and program management.
