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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of accounting in an operating system?
What is the primary purpose of accounting in an operating system?
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Which of the following best describes the role of system calls in an operating system?
Which of the following best describes the role of system calls in an operating system?
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What is the significance of user authentication in system protection?
What is the significance of user authentication in system protection?
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Which of the following APIs is specific to Windows operating systems?
Which of the following APIs is specific to Windows operating systems?
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What function does the operating system serve in regards to program execution?
What function does the operating system serve in regards to program execution?
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Which of the following is NOT a service provided by the operating system for user interaction?
Which of the following is NOT a service provided by the operating system for user interaction?
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What role does an API play in software communication?
What role does an API play in software communication?
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What is a common consequence of using operating system APIs?
What is a common consequence of using operating system APIs?
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In what scenario would the operating system use error detection?
In what scenario would the operating system use error detection?
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Which of the following is associated with resource allocation in an operating system?
Which of the following is associated with resource allocation in an operating system?
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Which system call sequence is typically used to manage file operations?
Which system call sequence is typically used to manage file operations?
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What is a key reason why programs require I/O operations?
What is a key reason why programs require I/O operations?
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What benefit do open systems provide in software development?
What benefit do open systems provide in software development?
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Which service is essential for enabling processes to exchange information?
Which service is essential for enabling processes to exchange information?
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What does file-system manipulation allow programs to do?
What does file-system manipulation allow programs to do?
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Which type of operating system service is specifically aimed at managing concurrent user jobs?
Which type of operating system service is specifically aimed at managing concurrent user jobs?
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Which type of API is intended for exclusive use by internal developers?
Which type of API is intended for exclusive use by internal developers?
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What type of system call is responsible for managing process creation and termination?
What type of system call is responsible for managing process creation and termination?
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Which type of system call involves getting and setting attributes related to files?
Which type of system call involves getting and setting attributes related to files?
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What is the purpose of communication-related system calls?
What is the purpose of communication-related system calls?
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Which function is not typically part of process control system calls?
Which function is not typically part of process control system calls?
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Under which category do system calls to manage device attributes fall?
Under which category do system calls to manage device attributes fall?
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What is the role of the protection system calls?
What is the role of the protection system calls?
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What is the main purpose of system programs?
What is the main purpose of system programs?
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What is a key characteristic of the modular approach in modern operating systems?
What is a key characteristic of the modular approach in modern operating systems?
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Which operating system primarily utilizes a hybrid model by combining monolithic and microkernel approaches?
Which operating system primarily utilizes a hybrid model by combining monolithic and microkernel approaches?
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What is a common element found in both Linux and Solaris operating systems?
What is a common element found in both Linux and Solaris operating systems?
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Which feature identifies Mac OS X as a hybrid operating system?
Which feature identifies Mac OS X as a hybrid operating system?
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Which statement accurately describes the structure of iOS?
Which statement accurately describes the structure of iOS?
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What is one of the advantages of using loadable kernel modules?
What is one of the advantages of using loadable kernel modules?
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What does the term 'hybrid approach' in operating systems refer to?
What does the term 'hybrid approach' in operating systems refer to?
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Which component of Mac OS X is responsible for handling graphical user interface interactions?
Which component of Mac OS X is responsible for handling graphical user interface interactions?
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Which statement correctly describes the Cocoa Touch Objective-C API?
Which statement correctly describes the Cocoa Touch Objective-C API?
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What is a primary feature of the Android operating system's runtime environment?
What is a primary feature of the Android operating system's runtime environment?
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Which of the following components is unique to the Android architecture?
Which of the following components is unique to the Android architecture?
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Which aspect of performance tuning involves recognizing system limitations?
Which aspect of performance tuning involves recognizing system limitations?
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What type of libraries does the Android operating system include?
What type of libraries does the Android operating system include?
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What is the role of the core services in Intel's architecture?
What is the role of the core services in Intel's architecture?
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Which of the following statements about Android's use of the Linux kernel is correct?
Which of the following statements about Android's use of the Linux kernel is correct?
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What function does the media services layer serve in Intel-based applications?
What function does the media services layer serve in Intel-based applications?
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Study Notes
Operating System Services
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Operating systems create an environment for executing programs, providing various services for users and programs.
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User services include:
- User interfaces such as Command-Line (CLI) and Graphical User Interfaces (GUI).
- Program execution, managing memory loading, program run, and termination.
- Input/Output operations connecting programs with files or devices.
- File system manipulation enabling file reading, writing, searching, and permissions management.
- Process communication for information exchange on the same or across networks.
- Continuous error detection to identify issues in CPU, memory, hardware, or I/O devices.
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System services include:
- Resource allocation for multiple concurrent users, managing CPU cycles, memory, and I/O devices.
- Accounting to track user resource usage.
- Protection and security mechanisms to control access to system resources and authenticate users.
System Calls
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System calls offer a programming interface to access operating system services, usually written in high-level languages like C/C++.
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APIs simplify access to system calls, with notable ones including:
- Win32 API (Windows).
- POSIX API (UNIX/Linux).
- Java API (Java virtual machine).
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Common system call categories encompass process control, file management, device management, information maintenance, communications, and protection.
Types of System Calls
- Process Control: Manage process creation, termination, memory allocation, and debugging.
- File Management: Handle file creation, deletion, opening, closing, and attribute management.
- Device Management: Manage device requests, reads/writes, and attribute management.
- Information Maintenance: Retrieve and manipulate system and process data.
- Communications: Manage communication connections, message passing, and shared memory.
- Protection: Control resource access to ensure security.
System Programs
- System programs provide a user-friendly development and execution environment.
- Modern OS utilize loadable kernel modules enabling:
- An object-oriented approach with separate core components.
- Dynamic loading of functionalities to enhance modularity.
Hybrid Systems
- Modern operating systems combine multiple models to optimize performance, security, and usability.
- Examples include:
- Linux/Solaris: Monolithic with modular capabilities.
- Windows: Primarily monolithic with microkernel subsystems.
- Mac OS X: Hybrid with a Mach microkernel, BSD Unix, and dynamic kernel extensions.
Handheld Operating Systems
- iOS: Based on Mac OS X, tailored for Apple devices; uses Cocoa Touch for development and has a media services layer.
- Android: An open-source OS developed by Google, based on a modified Linux kernel; utilizes Dalvik virtual machine for app execution.
Performance Tuning
- Performance tuning aims to enhance system efficiency by identifying and eliminating bottlenecks.
- Operating systems monitor and display measures of system behavior, aiding administrators in performance assessment through trace listings.
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Description
Explore the fundamental services provided by operating systems, including user and system services. This quiz covers user interfaces, process communication, resource allocation, and security mechanisms. Test your knowledge on how operating systems create a productive environment for executing programs.
