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In fixed partitioning, the number of ______ in RAM is fixed.
partitions
In contiguous allocation, no ______ is allowed.
spanning
In variable partitioning, the size of the ______ varies according to the need of the process.
partition
In variable partitioning, the number of ______ in RAM is not fixed and depends on the number of incoming process.
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A bitmap or bit vector is a series of ______ where each bit corresponds to a disk block.
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In linked list, the free disk ______ are linked together.
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In multiple partition allocation, a process is selected from the input ______ and loaded into the free partition.
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The block number of the very first disk ______ is stored at a separate location on disk.
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The concept of a logical address space that is bound to a separate ______ address space is central to proper memory management
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Logical address is generated by the ______; also referred to as virtual address
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The set of all ______ addresses generated by a program is called the physical address space
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______ is a memory management scheme in which any process can be temporarily swapped from main memory to secondary memory
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The purpose of the ______ in operating system is to access the data present in the hard disk and bring it to RAM
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In ______ memory, the place where the swapped-out process is stored is called swap space
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The ______ address space is the set of all logical addresses generated by a program
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The ______ address is the actual location in the memory
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External fragmentation occurs when a storage medium has many small blocks of ______ scattered throughout it.
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In ______ memory allocation, each process is contained in a single contiguous block of memory.
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Memory is divided into several fixed size ______ in contiguous memory allocation.
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Fixed partitioning is also known as ______ and is a multiprogramming technique with a fixed number of tasks.
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Variable partitioning is a memory allocation scheme that allows multiple programs to run concurrently in a shared ______ space.
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In ______ partitioning, the memory is divided into fixed-size partitions, and each partition is assigned to a process.
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Fixed partitioning is the oldest and simplest technique used to put more than one ______ in the main memory.
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External fragmentation can cause ______ and performance problems.
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Study Notes
Memory Allocation Techniques
- In fixed partitioning, the number of partitions in RAM is fixed, but the size of each partition may or may not be the same.
- Partitions are made before execution or during system configuration, and contiguous allocation is used, with no spanning allowed.
Variable Partitioning
- Initially, RAM is empty, and partitions are made during runtime according to the process's needs.
- The size of each partition is equal to the incoming process, and the partition size varies according to the process's needs to avoid internal fragmentation.
- The number of partitions in RAM is not fixed and depends on the number of incoming processes and the main memory's size.
Free Space Management Techniques
- Bitmap or Bit Vector: a series of bits where each bit corresponds to a disk block, with 0 indicating allocation and 1 indicating a free block.
- Linked List: free disk blocks are linked together, with a free block containing a pointer to the next free block.
Memory Management
- Multiple partition allocation: a process is selected from the input queue and loaded into a free partition.
- Physical Address Space: the concept of a logical address space bound to a separate physical address space is central to proper memory management.
- Logical address: generated by the CPU, also referred to as a virtual address.
- Physical address: the address seen by the memory unit.
Logical and Physical Addresses
- Logical address space is the set of all logical addresses generated by a program.
- Physical address space is the set of all physical addresses generated by a program.
- Logical and physical addresses are the same in compile-time and load-time address-binding schemes.
- Logical and physical addresses differ in execution-time address-binding schemes.
Swapping
- Swapping is a memory management scheme that temporarily swaps a process from main memory to secondary memory.
- The purpose of swapping is to access data present in the hard disk and bring it to RAM for application programs to use.
External Fragmentation
- External fragmentation occurs when a storage medium has many small blocks of free space scattered throughout it.
- This can happen when a system creates and deletes files frequently, leaving many small blocks of free space on the medium.
- External fragmentation can cause performance problems.
Memory Techniques
- There are two memory management techniques: Contiguous and Non-Contiguous.
- Contiguous technique: executing process must be loaded entirely in main-memory, and memory is divided into several fixed-size partitions.
- Contiguous technique can be divided into Fixed (or static) partitioning and Variable (or dynamic) partitioning.
Fixed Partitioning
- Fixed partitioning is the oldest and simplest technique used to put more than one process in the main memory.
- It is a memory allocation scheme that divides memory into fixed-size partitions, and each partition is assigned to a process.
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Description
This quiz covers two partitioning techniques in Operating Systems, including fixed partitioning in RAM and variable partitioning at runtime.
