Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the remaining burst time for Process P1 after Cycle 3?
What is the remaining burst time for Process P1 after Cycle 3?
- 14
- 11
- 5 (correct)
- 8
How many cycles does Process P2 take to completely finish execution?
How many cycles does Process P2 take to completely finish execution?
- 1 (correct)
- 2
- 3
- 4
In which cycle does Process P3 reach a remaining burst time of 0?
In which cycle does Process P3 reach a remaining burst time of 0?
- Cycle 4
- Cycle 3 (correct)
- Cycle 2
- Cycle 1
What strategy is used to schedule the processes in this example?
What strategy is used to schedule the processes in this example?
Which burst time value corresponds to Process P3 after Cycle 2?
Which burst time value corresponds to Process P3 after Cycle 2?
Which element in the Gantt chart represents the process that starts first?
Which element in the Gantt chart represents the process that starts first?
What is the significance of the 'Waiting Time' noted in the context?
What is the significance of the 'Waiting Time' noted in the context?
In the context of scheduling processes, what is the primary purpose of a Gantt chart?
In the context of scheduling processes, what is the primary purpose of a Gantt chart?
Which process in the given context is likely to have the highest waiting time initially?
Which process in the given context is likely to have the highest waiting time initially?
What action is indicated by 'Lukis Carta Gantt mengikut jadual baharu'?
What action is indicated by 'Lukis Carta Gantt mengikut jadual baharu'?
What is the initial waiting time for process B in a First In First Out (FIFO) scheduling?
What is the initial waiting time for process B in a First In First Out (FIFO) scheduling?
What is the total waiting time for process A after considering its burst time?
What is the total waiting time for process A after considering its burst time?
How is the waiting time for process A calculated in a FIFO scheduling?
How is the waiting time for process A calculated in a FIFO scheduling?
If the burst time of process B were to increase, how would that affect the waiting time of process A?
If the burst time of process B were to increase, how would that affect the waiting time of process A?
What is the purpose of calculating the waiting time in process scheduling?
What is the purpose of calculating the waiting time in process scheduling?
In FIFO scheduling, what is the effect of process A having a shorter burst time than process B?
In FIFO scheduling, what is the effect of process A having a shorter burst time than process B?
What would be the waiting time for process B if it were the only process running?
What would be the waiting time for process B if it were the only process running?
Which of the following statements about FIFO scheduling is true?
Which of the following statements about FIFO scheduling is true?
Which scheduling method is used to break the tie when two processes have the same next CPU burst?
Which scheduling method is used to break the tie when two processes have the same next CPU burst?
What characterizes the Preemptive Shortest Job First (SJF) approach?
What characterizes the Preemptive Shortest Job First (SJF) approach?
In the Non-Preemptive Shortest Job First scheduling, which of the following statements is true?
In the Non-Preemptive Shortest Job First scheduling, which of the following statements is true?
How is the waiting time (WT) determined in a Non-Preemptive SJF scheduling?
How is the waiting time (WT) determined in a Non-Preemptive SJF scheduling?
Which characteristic is NOT true for the Gantt Chart in Non-Preemptive SJF?
Which characteristic is NOT true for the Gantt Chart in Non-Preemptive SJF?
What occurs if no arrival times (AT) are given in a Non-Preemptive SJF schedule?
What occurs if no arrival times (AT) are given in a Non-Preemptive SJF schedule?
Which of the following best describes the main advantage of Shortest Job First scheduling?
Which of the following best describes the main advantage of Shortest Job First scheduling?
What is the primary criterion for scheduling in the Shortest Job First method?
What is the primary criterion for scheduling in the Shortest Job First method?
What is the primary criterion for scheduling in the Shortest Job First (SJF) method?
What is the primary criterion for scheduling in the Shortest Job First (SJF) method?
When P₃ is to be executed in the SJF scheduling, what condition is associated with its execution?
When P₃ is to be executed in the SJF scheduling, what condition is associated with its execution?
In the event that multiple processes have the same arrival time, which aspect should be prioritized?
In the event that multiple processes have the same arrival time, which aspect should be prioritized?
What happens if no other processes arrive by time zero besides P₃?
What happens if no other processes arrive by time zero besides P₃?
What is indicated by the structure of a Gantt chart in the context of SJF scheduling?
What is indicated by the structure of a Gantt chart in the context of SJF scheduling?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Shortest Job First scheduling algorithm?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Shortest Job First scheduling algorithm?
What would be the implication of ignoring burst time (BT) in the SJF scheduling approach?
What would be the implication of ignoring burst time (BT) in the SJF scheduling approach?
In the scheduling scenario described, how is P₃'s position determined in comparison to other processes with the same arrival time?
In the scheduling scenario described, how is P₃'s position determined in comparison to other processes with the same arrival time?
Calculate the waiting time (WT) for process P₂ given the burst time (BT) for P₁ is 6 ms and the waiting time for P₁ is 5 ms.
Calculate the waiting time (WT) for process P₂ given the burst time (BT) for P₁ is 6 ms and the waiting time for P₁ is 5 ms.
In the Gantt chart, how does the arrival time (AT) of process P₃ relate to its burst and waiting times?
In the Gantt chart, how does the arrival time (AT) of process P₃ relate to its burst and waiting times?
What does BT represent in the context of process scheduling?
What does BT represent in the context of process scheduling?
Which formula accurately represents the calculation for waiting time in a sequential process queue?
Which formula accurately represents the calculation for waiting time in a sequential process queue?
If the burst time for P₄ is 8 ms, and its waiting time is calculated after P₁, what will be the waiting time if the previous process had a waiting time of 11 ms?
If the burst time for P₄ is 8 ms, and its waiting time is calculated after P₁, what will be the waiting time if the previous process had a waiting time of 11 ms?
What is the implication of having a negative waiting time in process management?
What is the implication of having a negative waiting time in process management?
How is the overall waiting time affected as more processes are added to the queue?
How is the overall waiting time affected as more processes are added to the queue?
In a scheduling algorithm, which variable is commonly adjusted to optimize process management?
In a scheduling algorithm, which variable is commonly adjusted to optimize process management?
Flashcards
FIFO scheduling
FIFO scheduling
First-In, First-Out scheduling algorithm processes tasks in the order they arrive.
Waiting time (ns)
Waiting time (ns)
The time a process has been waiting before execution, measured in nanoseconds.
Burst time (ns)
Burst time (ns)
The amount of time a process needs to complete its execution, measured in nanoseconds.
Process B
Process B
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Process A
Process A
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Waiting time calculation (B)
Waiting time calculation (B)
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Waiting time calculation (A)
Waiting time calculation (A)
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Memory and process management
Memory and process management
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Operating Systems Introduction
Operating Systems Introduction
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Gantt Chart
Gantt Chart
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Task Scheduling
Task Scheduling
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Version 03102023_1
Version 03102023_1
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Step-by-step approach
Step-by-step approach
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Round Robin Scheduling
Round Robin Scheduling
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Time Quantum
Time Quantum
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How does a process complete?
How does a process complete?
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What happens when a process's burst time is greater than the time quantum?
What happens when a process's burst time is greater than the time quantum?
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Shortest Job First (SJF)
Shortest Job First (SJF)
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Preemptive SJF (SRTF)
Preemptive SJF (SRTF)
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Non-Preemptive SJF
Non-Preemptive SJF
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Gantt Chart (SJF Non-Preemptive)
Gantt Chart (SJF Non-Preemptive)
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Arrival Time (AT)
Arrival Time (AT)
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How does SJF affect waiting time?
How does SJF affect waiting time?
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SJF Selection Criteria
SJF Selection Criteria
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Tie-breaker in SJF
Tie-breaker in SJF
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SJF Gantt Chart Layout
SJF Gantt Chart Layout
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SJF Advantages
SJF Advantages
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How is WT calculated?
How is WT calculated?
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What does a Gantt Chart illustrate?
What does a Gantt Chart illustrate?
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Why is Memory and Process Management important?
Why is Memory and Process Management important?
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Scheduling Algorithm
Scheduling Algorithm
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Study Notes
Operating System Memory and Process Management
- Topic 2: Memory and Process Management is part 3 of 4.
- Learning Objectives (CLO1C2):
- Process management of operating systems.
- Gantt Chart drawing for FIFO, SJF, Priority, and Round Robin scheduling.
- Scheduling criteria calculation (waiting time, turnaround time, response time) for FIFO, Round Robin, SJF, and Priority.
Scheduling Algorithms
-
FIFO (First In First Out): Concept
- Processes are allocated CPU in the order they request it.
- Non-preemptive: Once a process starts, it finishes.
- Good for batch systems, not ideal for interactive ones.
- Turnaround time is unpredictable.
-
Shortest Job First (SJF): Concept
- CPU allocation prioritizes the process with the shortest next CPU burst.
- If bursts are equal, uses FCFS (First Come, First Served) to determine the order.
- Handles processes by their CPU cycle length.
- Two types:
- Preemptive SJF (Shortest Remaining Time First - SRTF): Stops running a longer process when a shorter process becomes ready; prioritizes the process with the shortest remaining time to execute.
- Non-preemptive SJF : Running processes finish before considering new ones.
-
Round Robin (RR): Concept
- Timesharing system design.
- Preemptive scheduling: Processes are assigned time slices (time quantum).
- Ready queue is a circular queue.
- CPU scheduler iterates through the ready queue, allocating each process up to one time quantum.
- Efficient for interactive systems.
-
Priority Scheduling: Concept
- CPU allocation based on process priority -High Priority = Lower numbers -Low Priority = Higher numbers.
-
Non-preemptive: -Processes with higher priority run to completion before lower-priority ones do.
-
Main issue: Starvation (low-priority process may never get the CPU, hence the process gets starved)
Gantt Charts
- Process Table includes process names, burst times, and waiting times.
- Gantt Chart displays process names and timelines.
- FIFO : First-in, First-out principle. Tasks arrive first, they finish first.
- Other scheduling methods: The same principle is applied for different scheduling types, but the ordering in the chart reflects the respective algorithm and priorities.
Calculating Scheduling Criteria
- The methods for calculating waiting time, turnaround time, response time for each scheduling type are outlined in the respective sections.
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of memory and process management in operating systems with this quiz. Assess your understanding of scheduling algorithms, including FIFO, SJF, and their calculations. Test your knowledge on Gantt Chart drawing and various scheduling criteria.
