Operating System II: Advanced Features

memory

False (B)

<p>To minimize access time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Memory Management = Techniques for allocating and managing computer memory. Memory Hierarchy = A layered structure of memory with varying speeds and capacities. Virtual Memory = A technique that allows a computer system to use secondary storage as if it were main memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frequency (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Internal memory and External memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>non-volatile</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RAM = Read only, stores data permanently ROM = Read and write, stores data temporarily while working Volatile memory = Data is lost when power is turned off Non-volatile memory = Data is retained even when power is turned off</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide faster access to frequently used data (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To balance the trade-offs between speed, cost, and capacity of different types of memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>virtual memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is cheaper than main memory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reduce the access time for data and instructions used by the CPU.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Main Memory = Slower than cache memory, but faster than secondary memory Cache Memory = Stores data currently being executed or frequently accessed Secondary Memory = Permanent storage for data and programs Virtual Memory = Allows the computer to use more memory than physically available</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The CPU can only directly access data stored in main memory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The CPU processes data stored in main memory. Data is transferred from secondary storage to main memory before being processed by the CPU, and back to secondary storage for long-term storage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>access</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>paging</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Principle of least privilege (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Principle of least privilege = Users are given only the minimum permissions required to perform their tasks. Principle of separation of concerns = Dividing system functionalities into distinct, independent modules. Principle of data integrity = Ensuring that data remains accurate and consistent throughout its lifecycle. Principle of modularity = Building systems with loosely coupled, independent components. Principle of security = Protecting system resources from unauthorized access and modification. Principle of integrity = Preserving the accuracy and reliability of data. Principle of availability = Ensuring that resources are accessible to authorized users when needed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The principle of least privilege suggests that users or processes should be granted only the minimum privileges necessary to perform their assigned tasks. This helps to minimize potential harm caused by errors or malicious actions, as restricted access limits the impact of any unauthorized behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent erroneous programs from accessing unauthorized resources. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>access matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>File permissions are settings assigned to files and directories that determine which users or groups can access them and what actions they can perform (e.g., read, write, execute). These permissions are typically set by the file owner or system administrator and provide a robust mechanism for controlling access to sensitive data and resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent unauthorized access to system resources. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protect the system from administrators and users. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Principle of least privilege (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Users and systems are given the minimum number of privileges needed to perform their tasks. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When the CPU needs to access data that is not in main memory. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Virtual Memory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Access Control List (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>File Permissions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Principle of user authentication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>File Permissions and Access Matrix (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serving as a security trap for user credentials (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Requires specific conditions to activate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Generating multiple copies to overwhelm system resources (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They prevent legitimate users from accessing network resources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A hidden vulnerability exploited by attackers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To manage data storage and retrieval efficiently. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A technique that allows running applications without sufficient physical memory. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To minimize the time required for data access. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physical memory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It slows down the overall processing speed. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physical address (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has a low access time. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Random Access Memory (RAM) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To store data permanently. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows the use of more memory than is physically available. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It offers fast access times for currently used data. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RAM is volatile while ROM is non-volatile. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary Memory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reduces the access time for frequently used data. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An attack that imitates both ends of a communication conversation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Data encryption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To store critical system firmware permanently. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Denial of service (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physical security (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Searching trash for sensitive information. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Session hijacking (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phishing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Repeating valid data transmissions to gain access. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Session hijacking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Password cracking (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process of handling memory usage in a computer system to store data and instructions efficiently.

A technique that uses disk space to extend the apparent available memory of a computer system.

An abstract representation used by programs to access memory locations, typically a name or label.

The actual hardware address in memory where data is stored, as seen by the computer's hardware.

A structured arrangement of different types of memory, optimized to minimize access time.

A small, fast memory located inside the CPU that stores frequently accessed data.

To decrease access time and speed up CPU execution.

Primary storage that loads programs and data for processing by the CPU.

Long-term storage that retains data permanently, but is slower than main memory.

A memory storage mechanism that allows a computer to use hard drive space as additional RAM.

Data from secondary storage is transferred to main memory before being processed.

Faster access, expensive, limited capacity, stores frequently accessed data.

Memory that retains data without power, like secondary memory.

Includes SSDs, HDDs, CDs/DVDs, and USB drives.

The process of loading only required pages from secondary memory into main memory for execution.

A memory management technique that divides processes into segments, which can be loaded into memory as needed.

The main objectives to ensure the integrity and availability of shared resources in an OS.

A security principle stating that users and systems should have the minimum privileges necessary to perform their tasks.

Methods used by an OS to control access to its resources and to protect information.

A table that defines permissions for users and system entities regarding various resources in an OS.

Settings that control who can read, write, or execute files and directories in an OS.

Mechanisms within an OS that help to recover from erroneous programs or system failures.

Also known as primary memory, it consists of memory directly accessible by the CPU.

Also referred to as secondary memory, it is accessed by the processor through I/O modules.

Random Access Memory, a type of volatile memory used for temporary data storage while working.

Read Only Memory, a type of non-volatile memory used for permanent data storage.

Volatile memory loses data when power is off; non-volatile retains data without power.

Different levels of memory defined by response time, complexity, cost, and capacity.

Memory types are categorized as internal (primary) and external (secondary) memory.

Main memory is temporary storage accessible by the CPU; secondary memory is long-term storage.

Type of memory (e.g., RAM) that loses its data when power is turned off.

Designed to decrease access time to data by storing frequently accessed information.

Malicious tasks performed by user programs on systems.

A program that misleads users by pretending to be a legitimate application.

A program that activates destructive actions under specified conditions.

An attack preventing users from accessing legitimate network services.

When processes need more storage than available main memory.

Loading only required pages from secondary memory to main memory for execution.

To ensure integrity and availability of shared resources and protect against erroneous programs.

Defines permissions for users regarding various resources in an OS.

Divides processes into segments for loading them as needed.

Loads specific pages from secondary memory into main memory for execution.

Mechanisms in an OS that help recover from system failures caused by errors.

Memory is used to store data and instructions for processing in a computer system.

Data in a memory is stored as binaries, represented by 0's and 1's.

The two main operations of memory are Read and Write.

The time it takes for the CPU to access data from memory.

The delay in data access between CPU registers and main memory was significant.

A structure designed to minimize access time by organizing different memory types.

The ability to handle and optimize memory usage in a computer.

An attack where the attacker secretly intercepts and relays messages between two parties.

A malicious act of capturing valid data transmissions and retransmitting them.

An attack where the attacker takes over a session between two parties to steal information.

A method of tricking individuals into providing sensitive information through deceptive emails or websites.

A cyber attack meant to make a computer or network resource unavailable to its intended users.

The process of attempting to gain unauthorized access to a system by guessing or using software to brute-force passwords.

Searching for discarded documents or electronic files that contain sensitive information.

Errors that occur when a program attempts to access memory that it's not allowed to.

Potential vulnerabilities and attack techniques that target the OS’s processes and operations.

Security risks associated with wireless technology that can expose information to unauthorized parties.