Podcast
Questions and Answers
Windows 10 and earlier Windows client versions are arguably ______ systems.
Windows 10 and earlier Windows client versions are arguably ______ systems.
single-user
A user signs in to the system using a ______ and mouse.
A user signs in to the system using a ______ and mouse.
keyboard
A protocol called Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) allows a user to ______ sign in to a Windows 10 system.
A protocol called Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) allows a user to ______ sign in to a Windows 10 system.
remotely
Mobile operating systems such as Apple iOS and Android are also ______ systems.
Mobile operating systems such as Apple iOS and Android are also ______ systems.
A true ______ operating system allows multiple users to sign in to it.
A true ______ operating system allows multiple users to sign in to it.
Linux/UNIX operating systems have always supported ______ users.
Linux/UNIX operating systems have always supported ______ users.
While network users can access shared files and printers on many single-user systems, they don’t interact directly with the ______.
While network users can access shared files and printers on many single-user systems, they don’t interact directly with the ______.
Windows Server versions also allow multiple users through ______, where one user can be signed in to the local console.
Windows Server versions also allow multiple users through ______, where one user can be signed in to the local console.
A multiuser operating system is, by definition, also a ______ operating system.
A multiuser operating system is, by definition, also a ______ operating system.
Most of the operating systems mentioned so far are considered ______ operating systems.
Most of the operating systems mentioned so far are considered ______ operating systems.
A general-purpose operating system is designed to provide a convenient user interface and run applications in a ______ or business environment.
A general-purpose operating system is designed to provide a convenient user interface and run applications in a ______ or business environment.
Users expect a file or application to load quickly when they ______ it.
Users expect a file or application to load quickly when they ______ it.
In short, general-purpose operating systems are designed to run business, productivity, or ______ applications.
In short, general-purpose operating systems are designed to run business, productivity, or ______ applications.
Windows Server, macOS Server, UNIX, and many Linux distributions fall in this ______
Windows Server, macOS Server, UNIX, and many Linux distributions fall in this ______
A server OS is tuned to share files efficiently and perform network operations in response to ______ requests
A server OS is tuned to share files efficiently and perform network operations in response to ______ requests
A real-time operating system (RTOS) is designed to process inputs and produce outputs in a very specific and ______ amount of time.
A real-time operating system (RTOS) is designed to process inputs and produce outputs in a very specific and ______ amount of time.
Server OSs may also be used as virtualization hosts on which several virtual ______ can run
Server OSs may also be used as virtualization hosts on which several virtual ______ can run
Real-time systems perform tasks like controlling assembly line ______ systems.
Real-time systems perform tasks like controlling assembly line ______ systems.
A real-time operating system is crucial for controlling self-driving ______.
A real-time operating system is crucial for controlling self-driving ______.
Many server OSs can be configured to operate without a ______, so administrators must be familiar with the OS's command-line interface
Many server OSs can be configured to operate without a ______, so administrators must be familiar with the OS's command-line interface
Fault tolerance is the ability of a system to recover from a hardware or software ______
Fault tolerance is the ability of a system to recover from a hardware or software ______
A server cluster designed for fault tolerance is often called a ______ cluster
A server cluster designed for fault tolerance is often called a ______ cluster
If one server fails, another takes over its ______
If one server fails, another takes over its ______
Server OSs often have built-in functions for fault tolerance, load sharing, and ______
Server OSs often have built-in functions for fault tolerance, load sharing, and ______
Windows 95 was an upgrade to Windows 3.x, mostly ______ code.
Windows 95 was an upgrade to Windows 3.x, mostly ______ code.
Windows 95 offered native support to run ______ applications.
Windows 95 offered native support to run ______ applications.
Windows 95 continued to allow applications to directly access ______ functions.
Windows 95 continued to allow applications to directly access ______ functions.
Windows 95 represented a different direction than Windows NT because it was intended to provide backward compatibility for ______-bit applications.
Windows 95 represented a different direction than Windows NT because it was intended to provide backward compatibility for ______-bit applications.
Windows 95 had a much improved user ______.
Windows 95 had a much improved user ______.
Both Windows and macOS evolved into sophisticated ______ systems.
Both Windows and macOS evolved into sophisticated ______ systems.
Linux emerged as a strong contender, particularly in ______ centers.
Linux emerged as a strong contender, particularly in ______ centers.
Windows dominates business ______, while Linux leads in server environments.
Windows dominates business ______, while Linux leads in server environments.
The first widely used multiuser, multitasking operating system for minicomputers was ______.
The first widely used multiuser, multitasking operating system for minicomputers was ______.
The first operating system that allowed serious business work on small personal ______ was CP/M.
The first operating system that allowed serious business work on small personal ______ was CP/M.
VisiCalc, a spreadsheet application released in 1978, was the first business ______ program for CP/M.
VisiCalc, a spreadsheet application released in 1978, was the first business ______ program for CP/M.
MS-DOS was the first operating system for the very successful IBM PC family of ______.
MS-DOS was the first operating system for the very successful IBM PC family of ______.
Lotus 1-2-3 was to MS-DOS in 1981 what ______ was to CP/M.
Lotus 1-2-3 was to MS-DOS in 1981 what ______ was to CP/M.
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Study Notes
Operating System Types
- Single-tasking systems are inherently single-user systems; Windows 10 and earlier versions exemplify this.
- A user signs into the Windows system with full access to resources, preventing other user logins simultaneously.
- Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) enables one user to remotely sign in if no one is logged in locally.
- Recent innovations include the multiuser feature in Windows 10 as part of Microsoft Azure's Windows Virtual Desktop.
Single-User vs. Multiuser Operating Systems
- Traditional mobile operating systems, like Apple iOS and Android, are also single-user systems.
- Network file sharing allows users to access files but does not equate to a multiuser system where users can run applications and interact with the OS.
- True multiuser systems, such as Linux and UNIX, allow concurrent logins and shared access to system resources among users.
- Windows Server uses RDP for multiple users; one can be signed in locally while others log in remotely.
General-Purpose vs. Real-Time Operating Systems
- General-purpose operating systems serve home and business environments, focusing on user interface convenience and reasonable performance.
- Users typically prioritize responsive applications over background processes; slight performance differences (e.g., calculation times) are less critical.
- Real-time operating systems (RTOS) deliver outputs within specific, repeatable timeframes, critical for applications like robotics and self-driving cars.
Server Operating Systems
- Server operating systems include Windows Server, macOS Server, UNIX, and Linux distributions, optimized for file sharing and client requests.
- Server OS features include built-in services like DHCP, DNS, and directory services, with many able to run without a GUI.
- Windows Server Core installs without a graphical interface, pushing administrators to use the command-line interface.
- Server OSs incorporate functions for fault tolerance (ability to recover from failure), load sharing, and scalability.
- Failover clusters ensure that if one server fails, another takes over its operations seamlessly.
Historical Context of Operating Systems
- UNIX (1968): First widely used multiuser, multitasking operating system designed for minicomputers.
- CP/M (1975): Facilitated business applications on small PCs; VisiCalc popularized it.
- MS-DOS (1980): First OS for IBM PC family; critical for business apps like Lotus 1-2-3.
- Windows 95 (1995): Significant upgrade from Windows 3.x featuring improved user interface and hardware support; bridged compatibility with older 16-bit applications.
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