Operating System Definition

Definition of an Operating System

• An operating system (OS) is a software that manages computer hardware resources and provides common services to computer programs.
• It acts as an intermediary between computer hardware and user-level applications.

Key Characteristics:

• Hardware Management: OS manages and allocates computer hardware resources such as CPU, memory, and storage devices.
• Process Management: OS manages the creation, execution, and termination of processes (programs) running on the computer.
• Resource Allocation: OS manages the allocation and deallocation of system resources such as memory, I/O devices, and CPU time.
• Security: OS provides mechanisms for controlling access to computer resources and protecting against unauthorized access.

Types of Operating Systems:

• Single-User, Single-Tasking: MS-DOS
• Multi-User, Single-Tasking: Early Unix
• Multi-User, Multi-Tasking: Modern operating systems such as Windows, Linux, and macOS

作业系统定义

• 作业系统（OS）是管理计算机硬件资源并为计算机程序提供公共服务的软件。

作业系统关键特征

• 硬件管理：OS 管理和分配计算机硬件资源，如 CPU、内存和存储设备。
• 进程管理：OS 管理计算机上运行的进程（程序）的创建、执行和终止。
• 资源分配：OS 管理系统资源的分配和释放，如内存、I/O 设备和 CPU 时间。
• 安全：OS 提供了控制对计算机资源的访问和保护的机制，以防止未经授权的访问。

作业系统类型

• 单用户、单任务：MS-DOS
• 多用户、单任务：早期 Unix
• 多用户、多任务：现代操作系统，如 Windows、Linux 和 macOS