Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes the role of an operating system?
Which of the following best describes the role of an operating system?
- To provide a direct interface between the user and software applications.
- To only handle input and output operations for the computer.
- To manage computer hardware resources and provide services to computer programs. (correct)
- To execute application programs directly without managing hardware.
Hardware includes only the internal components of a computer, such as the CPU and memory devices.
Hardware includes only the internal components of a computer, such as the CPU and memory devices.
False (B)
The primary goal of an operating system is to ensure the ______ and efficient use of the computer system hardware.
The primary goal of an operating system is to ensure the ______ and efficient use of the computer system hardware.
optimum
What are the key components combined within a computer system, as described in the content?
What are the key components combined within a computer system, as described in the content?
Which of the following is NOT an example of system software?
Which of the following is NOT an example of system software?
In a batch processing system, users can interact with the program while it is running.
In a batch processing system, users can interact with the program while it is running.
To implement automatic job sequencing in batch processing, a program called ______ is used.
To implement automatic job sequencing in batch processing, a program called ______ is used.
List two features of interactive operating systems.
List two features of interactive operating systems.
Which of the following is a characteristic of a multiprogrammed system?
Which of the following is a characteristic of a multiprogrammed system?
Time sharing systems divide CPU time into small portions to provide each program, allowing users to interact with multiple programs simultaneously.
Time sharing systems divide CPU time into small portions to provide each program, allowing users to interact with multiple programs simultaneously.
In time-sharing systems, dividing the CPU time into small portions is known as time ______.
In time-sharing systems, dividing the CPU time into small portions is known as time ______.
What is the critical difference between hard real-time and soft real-time systems?
What is the critical difference between hard real-time and soft real-time systems?
Which of the following is a characteristic of a hard real-time system?
Which of the following is a characteristic of a hard real-time system?
A soft real-time system guarantees that critical real-time tasks will always complete within a specified deadline.
A soft real-time system guarantees that critical real-time tasks will always complete within a specified deadline.
In soft real-time systems, a critical task is given ______ over other tasks but might not be guaranteed to finish within a strict timeframe.
In soft real-time systems, a critical task is given ______ over other tasks but might not be guaranteed to finish within a strict timeframe.
What are two key features of multiprocessor systems?
What are two key features of multiprocessor systems?
Which of the following is a key feature of multi-user systems?
Which of the following is a key feature of multi-user systems?
Distributed operating systems consist of a single processing unit that handles multiple tasks.
Distributed operating systems consist of a single processing unit that handles multiple tasks.
In distributed operating systems, computation of large applications can be divided into small ______.
In distributed operating systems, computation of large applications can be divided into small ______.
How do network operating systems facilitate resource sharing?
How do network operating systems facilitate resource sharing?
What is a primary advantage of network operating systems concerning server access?
What is a primary advantage of network operating systems concerning server access?
Character User Interface (CUI) relies on graphical elements such as icons and windows for user interaction.
Character User Interface (CUI) relies on graphical elements such as icons and windows for user interaction.
A command-line interface is another term for a ______ User Interface.
A command-line interface is another term for a ______ User Interface.
Name two example operating systems.
Name two example operating systems.
Which type of interrupt is generated by hardware devices to request attention from the OS?
Which type of interrupt is generated by hardware devices to request attention from the OS?
Software interrupts are generated by the CPU to indicate errors or conditions requiring assistance from the operating system.
Software interrupts are generated by the CPU to indicate errors or conditions requiring assistance from the operating system.
[Blank] are signals generated by the CPU to indicate errors requiring assistance from the OS.
[Blank] are signals generated by the CPU to indicate errors requiring assistance from the OS.
Briefly define system software.
Briefly define system software.
Match the operating system types to their characteristics:
Match the operating system types to their characteristics:
Which operating system type is ideal for executing large, non-interactive jobs that need no user interaction during processing?
Which operating system type is ideal for executing large, non-interactive jobs that need no user interaction during processing?
Which statement accurately describes the goal of hiding computer hardware complexity by the OS?
Which statement accurately describes the goal of hiding computer hardware complexity by the OS?
The primary advantage of a single-user system is its ability to support multiple concurrent users.
The primary advantage of a single-user system is its ability to support multiple concurrent users.
In a multiprogrammed operating system, the system selects and transfers another program to the CPU for execution when the current program is ______.
In a multiprogrammed operating system, the system selects and transfers another program to the CPU for execution when the current program is ______.
Describe the role punch cards played in early single-user systems.
Describe the role punch cards played in early single-user systems.
Which of the following best describes a distributed operating system?
Which of the following best describes a distributed operating system?
What is the role of resident monitor in batch processing system?
What is the role of resident monitor in batch processing system?
One of the goals of an OS is to make computer system use complex and less friendly.
One of the goals of an OS is to make computer system use complex and less friendly.
An ______ is the interface between the user and computer hardware.
An ______ is the interface between the user and computer hardware.
Name two goals of an operating system.
Name two goals of an operating system.
Flashcards
Operating System (OS)
Operating System (OS)
The interface between a user and computer hardware.
Computer Hardware
Computer Hardware
Physical parts, including input/output, CPU, and memory.
Operating System
Operating System
Collection of software managing hardware and providing services.
System Software
System Software
Signup and view all the flashcards
OS Goal
OS Goal
Signup and view all the flashcards
OS Goal
OS Goal
Signup and view all the flashcards
OS Goal
OS Goal
Signup and view all the flashcards
Hardware Interrupts
Hardware Interrupts
Signup and view all the flashcards
Software Interrupts
Software Interrupts
Signup and view all the flashcards
CPU Traps
CPU Traps
Signup and view all the flashcards
Character User Interface (DOS)
Character User Interface (DOS)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Single User System
Single User System
Signup and view all the flashcards
Batch Operating System
Batch Operating System
Signup and view all the flashcards
Automatic Job Sequencing
Automatic Job Sequencing
Signup and view all the flashcards
Interactive System
Interactive System
Signup and view all the flashcards
Multi-programmed System
Multi-programmed System
Signup and view all the flashcards
Time Sharing System
Time Sharing System
Signup and view all the flashcards
Real Time System
Real Time System
Signup and view all the flashcards
Hard Real Time
Hard Real Time
Signup and view all the flashcards
Soft Real Time
Soft Real Time
Signup and view all the flashcards
Multiprocessor System
Multiprocessor System
Signup and view all the flashcards
Multiuser System
Multiuser System
Signup and view all the flashcards
Distributed Operating System
Distributed Operating System
Signup and view all the flashcards
Network Operating System
Network Operating System
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
- Operating System (OS) is the interface between a user and computer hardware.
Components of a Computer System
- Hardware comprises the physical parts of the system like input/output devices, CPU, and memory.
- An operating system is a collection of software that manages computer hardware resources and provides common services to computer programs.
- Operating systems are a main component in computer systems.
- In technical terms, operating systems manage physical hardware.
- Operating systems control the allocation of resources and services.
- System software manages and controls the computer hardware so that application software can perform tasks.
- System Software performs tasks like transferring data from memory to disc or displaying text on an output device.
- Examples of system software include loading programs, operating systems, device drivers, programming tools, compilers, assemblers, linkers, and utility software.
Goals of an Operating System
- Optimize and efficiently use computer system hardware.
- Provide convenience and user friendliness.
- Hides the complexity of computer hardware.
Types of Interrupts
- Hardware interrupts are generated by hardware devices to signal the OS that they need attention.
- Hardware interrupts are generated once hardware finishes a task requested by the OS, such as transferring data between the hard drive and memory.
- Software interrupts are generated by programs when they require a system call to be performed by the OS.
- Traps are signals generated by the CPU itself, indicating an error or condition needing OS assistance.
Interface of Operating Systems
- Character User Interface (DOS)
- Graphical User Interface
Operating System Classifications
- Single user system
- Batch operating system
- Interactive operating system
- Multi-programmed system
- Time sharing operating system
- Real time system
- Multiprocessor operating system
- Distributed operating system
- Network operating system
- Multithreaded operating system
Single User System
- Also known as early systems.
- Programs were stored on punch cards.
- A significant amount of setup time is required.
- Input/Output (I/O) devices are extremely slow.
- CPU utilization is lower.
Batch Operating System
- Programs are analyzed and categorized into batches of similar nature.
- Programs within each batch are executed sequentially.
- Users cannot interact with the program during its execution.
- Batch processing is suitable for executing large jobs that do not need any user interaction to produce output.
- The user submits the job and retrieves the output later.
- Automatic job sequencing transfers control from one batch to another automatically.
- The resident monitor program is used to implement automatic job sequencing.
Interactive System
- An operating system where the user can directly interact with it.
- They process data immediately.
- Interactive systems require a user interface.
- Interactive systems can be either command-line or graphical.
- Interactive systems have two-way communication.
Multiprogrammed System
- Many programs are placed into the main memory of the CPU whenever the CPU is idle.
- If a program needs I/O, the CPU becomes idle during that time.
- Instead of becoming idle, another program is automatically selected and transferred to the CPU for further execution.
- When the I/O need of the first program finishes, it is transferred back to the CPU.
Time Sharing System
- Divides the CPU time into small portions and allocates each portion to different programs.
- Time slicing is used to divide the CPU time.
Real Time System
- Responds to the activities in an external system within a maximum time frame.
- Processing must be completed within defined time constraints; otherwise, the system will fail.
Hard Real Time System
- Requires critical tasks to be completed within a defined period.
- Advantageous features like user friendliness are absent in this type of system.
- The purpose is to finish processing and produce output at a restricted time.
- Virtual memory is absent.
Soft Real Time System
- Less restrictive.
- Critical real-time tasks are given priority.
- The priority remains until the task is complete.
Multiprocessor System
- Two or more CPUs work in communication with each other.
- Also known as parallel systems.
- Processor units can communicate with each other and share memory and clock signals.
- Processor units might use different operating systems.
Multiuser System
- Involves multiple users from different terminals or computers accessing a system with one OS.
- User management is very important.
- Such systems commonly run on mainframes.
- Failures affect all users.
- Used in offices to share resources among users.
- Supports many users simultaneously.
Distributed Operating System
- Multiple physical processors are connected through communication media.
- They can communicate with each other in a network.
- Large applications can be divided into small modules.
- Processor units compute and return the results to the main processor.
- Features also include loosely coupled systems and each processor has its own memory.
- The processors could be of different configurations.
- Some processors might have higher processing power than others.
- Requires either a Local Area Network (LAN) or a Wide Area Network (WAN).
- Communication media could be wired or wireless.
- Wired media includes high-speed buses, telephone lines, and fiber-optics.
- Wireless media uses satellites.
Network Operating System
- Various computers are connected in a network to share resources and information.
- The OS runs on a high-configuration system called a server.
- Servers can manage information, users, applications, and networking functions.
- Examples of networking OS are Windows Server, UNIX, Linux, Mac OS X, Novell NetWare, and BSD.
- The centralized server in this system is stable.
- Security is managed by servers.
- Remote access to servers is possible from different locations.
- Disadvantages include its high cost, dependence on a central location, and the need for constant updates.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
