Operating System Basics
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of an Operating System (OS)?

  • To manage and cope the computer's memory and processes (correct)
  • To connect multiple computers in a network
  • To monitor the computer's hardware components
  • To translate human language to computer language

    • What is the main responsibility of the Memory Management component of an OS?

  • To prevent unauthorized access to programs and data
  • To control the input/output devices
  • To allocate the processor to a process
  • To monitor and manage the primary memory (correct)

    • What does the term 'Device Management' refer to in an OS?

  • Monitors and controls the input/output devices (correct)
  • Managing the computer's processor
  • Managing the computer's security
  • Managing the computer's primary memory

    • What is the purpose of an OS's Security feature?

    <p>To prevent unauthorized access to programs and data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the File Management component of an OS?

    <p>To manage the computer's files and resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Job Accounting in an OS?

    <p>To monitor the time and resources used by various jobs and/or users</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does an OS interact with the operators?

    <p>Through a console in the form of instructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of an OS in a computer system?

    <p>It is essential and makes the computer useful</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of error-detecting aids in an Operating System?

    <p>To produce dumps, traces, error messages, and other debugging methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When was Windows first released?

    <p>1985</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated total usage share of Windows on Web connected computers?

    <p>88.9 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Linux?

    <p>A family of open-source operating systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of Linux?

    <p>It is free</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who started the Linux kernel project?

    <p>Linus Torvalds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is malware?

    <p>A software that harms and infects the host system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    On what type of devices is Linux commonly used?

    <p>On other small energy-efficient computers, such as smartphones and smartwatches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Adware?

    <p>To generate revenue for its author through advertisements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a Virus and a Worm?

    <p>A Worm can replicate itself without human interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Spyware?

    <p>To track internet activities and gather information about the user</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Ransomware?

    <p>A type of malware that restricts access to a computer system until a fee is paid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Creeper Program?

    <p>The first type of Virus created in 1971</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a Trojan?

    <p>To steal personal and financial information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Rabbit Virus?

    <p>The first type of Virus created in 1974</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a Virus and a Trojan?

    <p>A Trojan is a type of Virus that steals personal information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the first Trojan called?

    <p>ANIMAL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name of the first PC virus?

    <p>BRAIN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was unique about the BRAIN virus?

    <p>It was a stealth virus with a hidden copyright message</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the subject line of the ILOVEYOU virus?

    <p>I Love You</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the ILOVEYOU virus do to existing files?

    <p>It replaced them with copies of itself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was unique about the ILOVEYOU worm?

    <p>It was a 'file less' worm that existed only in memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who created the ILOVEYOU worm?

    <p>Onel de Guzman</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the 'animal programs'?

    <p>To guess which animal the user was thinking of</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Operating System

    • An operating system (OS) is essential software that manages a computer's memory, processes, software, and hardware.
    • It allows users to communicate with the computer without knowing its language.
    • Without an OS, a computer is useless.

    Characteristics of Operating System

    • Memory Management: monitors primary memory, allocating it to processes and deallocating it when no longer required.
    • Processor Management: allocates the processor (CPU) to a process and deallocates it when no longer required.
    • Device Management: monitors devices and decides which process gets the device, when, and for how long.
    • File Management: allocates and deallocates resources, deciding who gets the resources.
    • Security: prevents unauthorized access to programs and data using passwords and other techniques.
    • Job Accounting: monitors time and resources used by various jobs and/or users.
    • Control Over System Performance: records delays between request and system response.
    • Interaction with the Operators: interaction occurs via the computer console, with the OS acknowledging and performing actions.
    • Error-detecting Aids: provides dumps, traces, error messages, and other debugging and error-detecting methods.
    • Coordination Between Other Software and Users: coordinates and assigns compilers, interpreters, assemblers, and other software to users.

    Types of Operating Systems

    Microsoft Windows

    • Created by Microsoft in the mid-1980s, first released in 1985 with an operating environment running on top of MS-DOS.
    • A family of proprietary OS designed for Intel architecture-based computers, with an estimated 88.9% total usage share on web-connected computers.

    macOS

    Linux

    • An open-source operating system, which is free.
    • Originated in 1991 as a project by Linus Torvalds, a university student in Finland.
    • Commonly used on small energy-efficient computers, such as smartphones and smartwatches.

    Malware

    • Software that harms or infects the host system.
    • Types of malware include viruses, adware, spyware, worms, Trojans, and ransomware.

    Common Types of Malware

    • Virus: a contagious piece of code that infects other software on the host system and spreads itself when run.
    • Adware: advertising-supported software that presents related advertisements based on user Internet activities.
    • Spyware: malicious software that spies on the user's Internet activities and tracks information without consent.
    • Worms: replicate themselves and destroy information and files on the host PC.
    • Trojan: a type of virus that disguises itself as a safe program, stealing personal and financial information, and taking over system files.
    • Ransomware: restricts access to the computer system until a fee is paid.

    Computer Viruses

    The Creeper Program

    • Regarded as the first virus, created in 1971 by Bob Thomas of BBN.

    The Rabbit Virus

    • Developed in 1974, able to duplicate itself, severely reducing system performance and eventually crashing the machine.

    The First Trojan

    • Called ANIMAL, developed by John Walker in 1975, a game that tries to guess the animal the user is thinking of with a game of 20 questions.

    The Brain Boot Sector Virus

    • The first PC virus, began infecting 5.2" floppy disks in 1986, created by Basit and Amjad Farooq Alvi in Pakistan.
    • A stealth virus that replaced the boot sector of a floppy disk with a virus, containing a hidden copyright message, but did not corrupt data.

    The Love Letter Virus

    • Appeared on May 4, 2000, spread through email as a VBS file, with the subject line "I Love You."
    • Designed by Onel de Guzman, overwriting existing files and replacing them with copies of itself, spreading to victims' email contacts.

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    Description

    Learn about the fundamental functions of an Operating System, including error detection and coordination with other software. Explore the different types of operating systems, including Microsoft Windows.

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