Opera and Voice Types

Music

• Tenor: The highest male voice type.
• Baritone: A middle male voice, between bass and tenor, and the most common male voice.
• Soprano: The highest female voice type.
• Mezzo Soprano: A strong middle female voice and the most common female voice type.
• Coloratura: The highest soprano voice.
• Alto: The lowest and most unique female voice type.
• Bass: The lowest male voice type.

Opera

• Opera became popular during the Romantic period.
• Composers tell a story through music, using words written by a librettist.
• Score: A book containing musical notes, words, and ideas that helps performers tell the story.
• Libretto: The text of an opera.
• Aria: A solo singing part sung by a principal character in an opera.
• Act: A main division of an opera.
• Vibrato: Rapid, slight pitch variation during a sustained note, creating a richer sound.
• Recitative: Declamatory singing used in the prose and dialogue sections of an opera.

Musical Terms

• Dynamics and vocal embellishments affect how singers perform.
• A Capella: Performance by one or more singers without instrumental accompaniment.
• Cantabile: In a singing style.
• Capo: "Head" or the beginning.
• Coda: A closing section appended to a movement or song.
• Dolce: Sweetly.
• Falsetto: A weaker, airy voice, typically in higher pitch ranges.
• Glissando: A quick slide between two notes.
• Passagio: Parts of the singing voice where register transitions occur.
• Rubato: Slight speeding up or slowing down of tempo at the soloist's discretion.
• Tessitura: The most comfortable singing range for a singer.

Famous Singers and Voice Classification

• Celine Dion: Mezzo Soprano
• Adele: Contra Alto
• Jaya: Alto
• Regine Velasquez: Soprano
• Andrea Bocelli: Tenor
• Luciano Pavarotti: Tenor

Arts

• Drama: A sensational dramatic piece with exaggerated characters and exciting events intended to appeal to the emotions.
• Opera: An art form where singers and musicians perform a dramatic work combining text and musical score.
• Opera House: A theater designed specifically for opera performances.
• Theatre: A "place of seeing," more than just a building where performances occur.
• Curtain Call: Performers appear on stage after a performance to acknowledge applause.
• Director: The overall artistic coordinator of a production.
• Orchestra: A large circular or rectangular area in the center of the theater where plays, dances, religious rites, and acting took place.
• Ballet: A formalized dance form originating from the Italian Renaissance courts.

Theatre Elements

• Plot: The main events of a play, presented as an interrelated sequence.
• Backdrop: A painted cloth hung at the back of the stage as scenery.
• Playwright: The writer of a drama.
• Tragedy: A play dealing with heartbreaking events and an unhappy ending.
• Comedy: A play with a humorous or satirical tone.
• William Shakespeare: An English poet, playwright, and actor considered one of the greatest writers and dramatists.
• Chariots and Gladiator: Common subjects of plays during the Romantic Period.

Philippine Opera

• Philippine Opera started during the 19th century with visits from instrumental virtuosos, opera singers, and Spanish zarzuela performers.

Famous Filipino Playwrights

• Severino R. Reyes: Born in Manila on February 11, 1861 and known as the "Father of Tagalog Zarzuela".
• Dr. Ricardo G. Abad: Has been involved as an actor and director in over 120 productions while working as a teacher, researcher, and editor and has directed and acted for professional companies.
• Salvador F. Bernal: The "Father of Theater Design in the Philippines".

Physical Education:

• A healthy lifestyle, including proper diet and exercise, helps maintain a desirable weight.
• Recreation involves activities voluntarily participated in during free time within one's comfort zone.
• Choose recreational activities based on personal interest, that are voluntary, and meet needs such as physiological, educational, social, relaxation, psychological, and aesthetics.