22 Questions
What is the movement referred to as, which includes Creative Commons and Open Educational Resources?
Open Source Culture or Free Culture
What is the primary purpose of Creative Commons licensing?
To allow access and enable sharing, reuse, and remixing of creative works.
How many articles does Wikipedia have, and what license is it licensed under?
Over 3 million articles, licensed under Creative Commons.
What is the purpose of Open Educational Resources (OERs) and who uses them?
OERs provide free educational resources for anyone, and are used by educational institutions and individuals to raise their profile and facilitate widespread education.
What is MIT OpenCourseWare, and how is it licensed?
MIT OpenCourseWare is a website that provides free access to MIT's course materials, licensed under Creative Commons.
What is a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC), and how does it differ from traditional courses?
A MOOC is a free online course that anyone can access, with optional active participation and certification, differing from traditional courses in its open access and informal certification.
What are the benefits of Open Architecture and Open Design?
They promote collaboration, innovation, and knowledge sharing, allowing users to share, reuse, and remix creative works legally.
How do universities benefit from Open Educational Resources and MOOCs?
Universities can raise their profile and facilitate widespread education through OERs and MOOCs.
What are the three prominent MOOC platforms that have co-opted many universities to include courses?
Coursera, edX, and Udacity
How do MOOCs challenge traditional notions of education?
They challenge exclusive affordability and provide open access to high-end quality education
What is the significance of educational analytics in MOOCs?
It allows for a greater understanding of the learning process
What is the purpose of Open Source Initiative (www.opensource.org)?
To promote open source software and projects
What is the role of Creative Commons in promoting open educational resources?
To provide licensing models for open educational resources
What is the benefit of using open source software and Open Educational Resources?
They promote collaborative development and community engagement
What is the name of the online collaboration and learning environment developed by a group of American universities, including MIT and Stanford?
Sakai
Which of the following open source operating systems is not mentioned in the content?
None of the above (only Linux and FreeBSD are mentioned)
What is the primary programming language used to develop Sakai?
Java
What is the name of the open source database used in critical applications by Google, Yahoo, and NASA?
mySQL
What is one of the open source business models that involves developing customized extensions?
Developing customized extensions
What is the name of the open source office suite that is a popular alternative to Microsoft Office?
LibreOffice/OpenOffice
What is the name of the popular open source web server that is used to run the internet?
Apache
What is the name of the open source 3D animation software?
Blender
Study Notes
Open Source Culture
- Referred to as Open Source Culture or Free Culture
- Allowing access, unlike traditional copyright which restricts access
- Enables users to share, reuse, and remix creative works legally
Creative Commons
- A way to license creative works, allowing others to share, reuse, and remix
- Not designed for software, but for creative works like websites, courseware, music, art, design, photography, etc.
Case Study: Wikipedia
- Started in 2001 by Jimmy Wales as a free online encyclopedia
- Users can freely add new content and edit existing content
- Over 3 million articles in many languages, licensed with Creative Commons
Open Educational Resources
- Educational institutions and individuals make educational resources freely available
- Universities use it to raise their profile and facilitate widespread education
- Individuals develop materials based on their jobs or hobbies
Case Study: MIT OpenCourseWare
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) makes all course materials freely available
- Includes syllabus, lecture notes, course videos, past exam papers, and student projects
- Licensed with Creative Commons
MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses)
- Offered by prominent universities and academics worldwide
- Users can access course materials, observe, or actively participate and receive an informal certification
Case Study: Vula/Sakai
- Vula at UCT is based on Sakai, a free and open-source online collaboration and learning environment
- Developed by a group of American universities, including MIT and Stanford
- Used by hundreds of institutions worldwide
Open Source Offerings
- Operating Systems: Linux, FreeBSD
- Office Suites: Libre Office, KOffice
- Web Servers: Apache, Jetty
- Databases: SQLite, mySQL, PostgresSQL
- Programming Languages: Python, PHP
- Misc: Blender (3D animation), GIMP (Photo/image editing), etc.
Interesting Facts
- Apache, an open-source web server, is the most popular in the world
- Most software used to run the internet is open-source
- LibreOffice/OpenOffice is a popular alternative to Microsoft Office
- Mozilla Firefox and Google Chrome browsers are open-source
- SQLite, a file-based open-source database, is used in Android and Apple devices
Open Source Business Models
- Dual licensing, with free entry-level version and upgraded high-level version at a cost
- Developing customized extensions
- Service contracts featuring support
- Paid-for training and learning materials
This quiz covers the Open Source Culture movement, also known as Free Culture, and its application to creative works through Creative Commons licensing.
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