OOPS using C++

OOPS using C++

Encapsulation

• A fundamental concept in OOPS that binds together data and functions that manipulate that data
• Encapsulates data and behavior into a single unit, making it harder for other parts of the program to access or modify it directly
• Access to the data is restricted through public methods, which are the only way to interact with the data
• Benefits:
  • Data hiding
  • Improved code organization
  • Increased security

Polymorphism

• The ability of an object to take on multiple forms
• Can be achieved through:
  • Function overloading (multiple functions with the same name but different parameters)
  • Function overriding (a derived class provides a specific implementation of a function already defined in its base class)
  • Operator overloading ( redefine the behavior of operators when working with objects of a class)
• Benefits:
  • Increased flexibility
  • Code reusability
  • Simplified code maintenance

Operators Overloading

• A feature of C++ that allows operators to be redefined for user-defined data types
• Operators can be overloaded as:
  • Unary operators (e.g. ++, --)
  • Binary operators (e.g. +, -, *, /)
  • Relational operators (e.g. ==, !=, <, >)
• Benefits:
  • Enhanced expressiveness
  • Simplified code
  • Improved code readability

Abstraction

• The concept of showing only the necessary information to the outside world while hiding the internal details
• Abstract classes and interfaces are used to define abstract behavior
• Benefits:
  • Simplified code
  • Improved code organization
  • Increased modularity

Inheritance

• A mechanism that allows one class to inherit the properties and behavior of another class
• Types of inheritance:
  • Single inheritance (a class inherits from a single base class)
  • Multiple inheritance (a class inherits from multiple base classes)
  • Multilevel inheritance (a class inherits from a base class that itself inherits from another base class)
  • Hybrid inheritance (a combination of multiple and multilevel inheritance)
• Benefits:
  • Code reusability
  • Improved code organization
  • Simplified code maintenance