OOP Concepts in C++

10 Questions

What are the benefits of using exception handling in Object-Oriented Programming?

The benefits of using exception handling in Object-Oriented Programming include robustness, fault tolerance, and making the program more reliable.

How does polymorphism achieve code reusability in Object-Oriented Programming?

Polymorphism achieves code reusability by allowing objects of different classes to respond to the same method call, reducing code duplication.

What is the purpose of the `namespace` keyword in C++?

The namespace keyword is used to avoid naming conflicts and organize the global namespace by grouping related names.

How does inheritance promote code reuse in Object-Oriented Programming?

Inheritance promotes code reuse by allowing a subclass to inherit the properties and behavior of a superclass, reducing code duplication.

What is the purpose of dynamic memory management in C++?

Dynamic memory management allows programmers to allocate and deallocate memory at runtime, providing more control over memory usage.

What is the purpose of the `inline` keyword in C++?

The inline keyword is used to hint to the compiler to replace a function call with the function body, reducing function call overhead.

What is the purpose of access control in classes?

Access control in classes is used to restrict access to class members, ensuring data hiding and encapsulation.

How do friend functions access private members of a class?

Friend functions are granted access to private members of a class through a friend declaration, allowing them to access private data.

What is the purpose of class constructors in Object-Oriented Programming?

Class constructors are used to initialize objects with default or user-provided values, ensuring proper object initialization.

How do arrays of objects improve memory efficiency in C++?

Arrays of objects improve memory efficiency by storing objects contiguously in memory, reducing memory fragmentation and improving cache locality.

Study Notes

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

OOP paradigm differs from procedure-oriented programming
Basic concepts of OOP: encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism

Encapsulation

Wrapping of data and functions together as a single unit
Data is not directly accessible from outside the class; accessible only through functions
Prevention of direct data access is called data hiding or information hiding

Data Abstraction

Representing essential features without including background details
Classes define attributes (data members) and functions to operate on them
Attributes are data members that hold data, and functions that operate on them are member functions
Classes use abstraction, making them abstract data types (ADTs)

Polymorphism

Ability to take more than one form
Operation has different behavior depending on the type of data used
Example: an operation can behave differently based on the data type used

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Concepts

Inheritance: creating a new class from an existing class
Dynamic binding: linking of function calls with the actual functions during runtime
Message passing: objects communicate by sending and receiving messages

C++ Programming

Structure of a C++ program: includes namespace, data types, tokens, identifiers, variables, constants, operators, control structures, and loops

Constructors, Destructors, and Inheritance

Introduction to constructors, default constructors, parameterized constructors, copy constructors, and multiple constructors in a class
Destructors: special member functions that are automatically called when an object is destroyed
Inheritance: single, multiple, multilevel, and hierarchical inheritance

Pointers, Virtual Functions, and Polymorphism

Memory management: new and delete operators, pointers to objects, and pointers to derived classes
Polymorphism: compile-time and runtime polymorphism, function overriding, and operator overloading