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Questions and Answers
What type of law deals with the rights of individuals and groups to be free from discrimination?
What type of law deals with the rights of individuals and groups to be free from discrimination?
Which court in Ontario primarily deals with family law matters?
Which court in Ontario primarily deals with family law matters?
Which of the following terms refers to a legal standard used to judge the behavior of a reasonable person?
Which of the following terms refers to a legal standard used to judge the behavior of a reasonable person?
Which legal theorist is known for their contributions to the concept of deterrence in criminal justice?
Which legal theorist is known for their contributions to the concept of deterrence in criminal justice?
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Which of the following documents serves as a foundational legal text concerning human rights in Canada?
Which of the following documents serves as a foundational legal text concerning human rights in Canada?
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Which type of offence is typically considered less serious and judged by a summary process?
Which type of offence is typically considered less serious and judged by a summary process?
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What is the study of legal systems and principles known as?
What is the study of legal systems and principles known as?
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Which concept refers to a court's authority to hear certain types of cases?
Which concept refers to a court's authority to hear certain types of cases?
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Which concept refers to a legal framework that governs how environmental responsibilities are managed in Canada?
Which concept refers to a legal framework that governs how environmental responsibilities are managed in Canada?
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Which court in Ontario has the authority to deal with small monetary claims?
Which court in Ontario has the authority to deal with small monetary claims?
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Which legal theorist is associated with the study of laws in relation to social norms and morality?
Which legal theorist is associated with the study of laws in relation to social norms and morality?
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What principle allows individuals to challenge the reasons a decision has been made by an administrative body?
What principle allows individuals to challenge the reasons a decision has been made by an administrative body?
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Which type of law deals with legal agreements between parties, such as sales or services?
Which type of law deals with legal agreements between parties, such as sales or services?
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Which of the following sources of law is primarily derived from statutes enacted by legislatures?
Which of the following sources of law is primarily derived from statutes enacted by legislatures?
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What term is used to describe general principles that guide how laws are interpreted and applied?
What term is used to describe general principles that guide how laws are interpreted and applied?
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Which of the following legal documents is not related to human rights protections in Canada?
Which of the following legal documents is not related to human rights protections in Canada?
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Study Notes
Ontario's Court System
- Court of Appeal for Ontario - The highest court in Ontario, responsible for hearing appeals from lower courts.
- Superior Court of Justice - A superior court that hears serious criminal and civil cases.
- Divisional Court - A court that hears appeals from decisions made by the Ontario Court of Justice.
- Family Court - A specialized court that deals with family law issues such as divorce, child custody, and support.
- Small Claims Court - A court that deals with civil disputes involving amounts less than a set limit.
- Administrative Boards and Tribunals - Specialized bodies that deal with specific areas of law, such as employment standards, human rights, and worker's compensation.
- Ontario Court of Justice - A trial court that hears most criminal and civil cases in Ontario.
Sources of Law
- Administrative Law - Laws made by administrative agencies and bodies to govern their operations.
- Constitutional Law - Laws outlining the basic principles and structure of government.
- Criminal Law - Laws that define crimes and their punishments.
- Environmental Law - Laws designed to protect the environment and natural resources.
- Tax Law - Laws related to taxation and revenue collection.
- Aboriginal Law - Laws recognized by the Canadian government as applying to Aboriginal peoples and their lands.
- Commercial Law - Laws which regulate business transactions.
- Contract Law - Laws governing the creation, enforcement, and termination of contracts.
- Property Law - Laws governing the ownership and use of property.
- Wills & Estate Law - Laws relating to wills, estates, and inheritance.
- Tort Law - Laws dealing with civil wrongs that result in harm to others.
- Family Law - Laws governing relationships within families, including marriage, divorce, and child custody.
- Labour Law - Laws governing the relationship between employers and employees.
- Jurisprudence - The philosophy of law and legal systems.
Legal Theorists
- Cesare Lombroso - An Italian criminologist who believed that criminals could be identified by physical characteristics.
- Cesare Beccaria - An Italian jurist who believed that punishment should be proportionate to the crime and that the criminal justice system should be based on reason and justice.
- Emile Durkheim - A French sociologist who argued that crime is functional for society, providing a sense of moral order and cohesion.
- Sigmund Freud - An Austrian neurologist who believed that crime is caused by unconscious desires and conflicts.
Key Legislation
- Ontario Human Rights Code, 1962 - Legislation that prohibits discrimination in Ontario based on protected grounds.
- **Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms ** - A constitutional document that guarantees certain fundamental rights and freedoms to all Canadians.
Other Important Topics
- Racial Profiling - The practice of targeting individuals for law enforcement based on their race or ethnicity.
- Discretionary - The power to make decisions based on one's own judgment.
- Counsel - A lawyer who represents a client in court.
- Indictable Offence - A serious crime that can be tried in a higher court.
- Summary Offence - A less serious crime that can be tried in a lower court.
- Testify - To provide evidence in a court of law.
- CRAAP Model - An acronym that stands for currency, relevance, authority, accuracy, and purpose, which is used to assess the credibility of information.
- Reasons People Obey or Break the Law - Factors that influence an individual's decision to comply with or violate the law.
- Ways That Canada Can Meet Its Environmental International Obligations - Actions that Canada can take to fulfill its commitments to international environmental treaties.
Legal Terms
- Articulable Cause - A justification for an action that can be clearly explained.
- Infringe - To violate or encroach upon.
- Disrepute - A state of being in disfavor or having a bad reputation.
- Allegation - A claim that is made but has not yet been proven.
- Arbitrary - Based on random choice or personal whim, rather than reason or law.
- Reasonable Person Standard - A legal standard used to determine whether an individual's actions were reasonable under the circumstances.
- Reasonable Apprehension of Bias - A perception that a judge or other decision-maker is biased against one party in a case.
Ontario's Court System
- Court of Appeal for Ontario: The highest court in the province.
- Court of Ontario: Handles criminal and civil cases.
- Superior Court of Justice: Deals with serious criminal offenses and complex civil lawsuits.
- Divisional Court: Reviews decisions from other courts.
- Family Court: Specializes in family law matters like divorce and custody.
- Small Claims Court: Addresses civil disputes under a specific monetary limit.
- Administrative Boards and Tribunals: Handle specialized legal matters, like licensing and regulation.
- Ontario Court of Justice: Handles less serious criminal offenses, minor civil disputes, and family law matters.
Legal Theorists
- Cesare Lombroso: Known for his theory that criminals possess physical characteristics that distinguish them from law-abiding citizens.
- Cesare Beccaria: Advocated for a more humane and rational approach to criminal justice, emphasizing the importance of deterrence and the need for clear and fair laws.
- Emile Durkheim: Viewed crime as a social phenomenon, arguing that it can contribute to social cohesion and change.
- Sigmund Freud: Explained criminal behavior through the lens of psychoanalysis, proposing that individuals may commit crimes due to unconscious desires or unresolved conflicts.
Sources of Law
- Administrative Law: Governs the actions and decisions of government agencies.
- Constitutional Law: Outlines the fundamental principles and structure of a state.
- Criminal Law: Defines and punishes criminal offenses.
- Environmental Law: Regulates human interaction with the environment.
- Tax Law: Deals with the collection of taxes, including income tax, property tax, and sales tax.
- Aboriginal Law: Recognizes and protects the unique legal rights and traditions of Indigenous Peoples.
- Commercial Law: Regulates business transactions, including contracts, sales, and securities.
- Contract Law: Deals with agreements between two or more parties.
- Property Law: Defines rights and obligations related to ownership of property.
- Wills & Estate Law: Covers the distribution of property and assets after death.
- Tort Law: Concerns civil wrongs that result in harm to another, such as negligence or defamation.
- Family Law: Regulates personal relationships, including marriage, divorce, and child custody.
- Labor Law: Governs the relationship between employees and employers.
- Jurisprudence: Philosophy of law, exploring the nature of law, its sources, and its role in society
- British Legal Tradition: The foundation of Canada's legal system, emphasizing common law principles.
- Landmark Case: Significant decisions that set legal precedents.
- Precedent: The principle that legal decisions in previous cases should be upheld in similar situations.
- Code of Hammurabi: One of the earliest written legal codes, dating back to ancient Mesopotamia.
- Justinian’s Code: A comprehensive legal system that codified Roman law in the 6th century.
Key Terms
- Racial Profiling: Discriminatory practice based on the assumption that individuals of certain racial or ethnic groups are more likely to engage in criminal activity.
- Discretionary: Involving the power to make decisions based on judgment and not necessarily strict rules.
- Counsel: A lawyer representing a client in legal matters.
- Indictable Offence: Serious crimes that are typically tried by a judge and jury.
- Summary Offence: Less serious offenses handled by a judge without a jury.
- Testify: To provide evidence in a legal proceeding.
- CRAAP Model: A framework for evaluating the credibility of sources, considering currency, relevance, authority, accuracy, and purpose.
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Reasons people obey or break the law: Complex factors influence decisions on obedience or defiance towards the law, including:
- Personal beliefs: Moral and ethical values.
- Social norms: Expectations and behaviors of society.
- Perceived risks and consequences: Calculating the potential costs and benefits of actions.
- Opportunity: Availability of resources and access to commit offenses.
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Ways that Canada can meet its environmental international obligations:
- Strengthening legislation: Implementing laws to protect the environment.
- Enforcing regulations: Monitoring and enforcing environmental laws to ensure compliance.
- Investing in sustainable development: Supporting projects that promote economic growth and environmental conservation.
- International cooperation: Working with other nations to address global environmental challenges.
- Articulable Cause: A clear and specific reason for a decision or action.
- Infringe: To violate or infringe upon the rights of others.
- Disrepute: A state of disgrace or bad reputation.
- Allegation: A claim that someone has committed a crime or wrongdoing, but the evidence is not yet proven.
- Arbitrary: Based on random choice or personal whim, rather than reason or fairness.
- Reasonable Person Standard: A legal standard used to assess the behavior of individuals, considering what a hypothetical ordinary person would act in a similar situation.
- Reasonable Apprehension of Bias: Fairness principle in legal proceedings, preventing individuals from having a bias in their judgment that could influence the outcome.
Key Legislation
- Ontario Human Rights Code, 1962: Prohibits discrimination based on protected grounds such as race, religion, sex, and disability.
- Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms: Guarantees fundamental rights and freedoms to all Canadians, including freedom of expression, religion, and association.
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Description
This quiz covers the various courts within Ontario's judicial system, including the Court of Appeal for Ontario, Superior Court of Justice, and specialized courts like Family Court and Small Claims Court. Gain insights into the structure and functions of these courts as well as the sources of law that govern them.
