30 Questions
What term does Chomsky use to describe actual language use, as opposed to the knowledge of language residing in the brain?
Performance
Which of the following theories was NOT established as part of the generativism theoretical approach according to the text?
Autosegmental phonology
Why do languages change over time?
To express new ideas emerging in society
What aspect of language is mentioned as being more stable and less prone to change compared to vocabulary?
Grammar
Based on the text, what is a common characteristic of all languages regarding their relationship between sounds and meanings?
Random sound-symbol associations
How many meaningful sounds do languages typically use, as mentioned in the text?
$15-40$
Which of the following is NOT true about speech sounds?
All languages use sounds produced by the upper lip touching the lower teeth.
What is the technical term for the sound segments that create distinctiveness in the meaning of words?
Phonemes
Which of the following pairs of words demonstrates a difference in meaning due to consonant sounds?
man vs pan
In English, which sounds are classified as meaningful sounds?
/k, g, t, d/
What is the main difference between consonant sounds and vowel sounds?
Vowel sounds are produced with an obstruction of air, while consonant sounds have an unobstructed flow of air.
What is the term used for the discreet sound segments that comprise consonants and vowels in human language?
Phonemes
What is the term given to words that echo natural sounds?
Onomatopoeic
What is the 'bow-wow theory' of language origin?
Language originated from the sounds of animals
What type of sounds are not uttered via consonants and vowels?
Interjections
What is the 'yo-heave-ho theory' of language origin?
Language originated from sounds made during physical effort
What type of sounds are unlikely candidates as source-sounds?
Expressive noises in emotional reactions
What does the 'yo-heave-ho theory' suggest about the development of human language?
Language developed in a social context
Which languages were among the first to have their grammars studied during the 14th to 17th centuries AD?
Italian, Spanish, and French
Who played a significant role in promoting the study of languages during the Renaissance period?
The elite through printing
Which languages were the focus of comparative studies by Trigault during the Renaissance period?
Chinese and languages of Western Europe
Which two schools of thought in philosophy significantly influenced linguistic studies during the Renaissance?
Empiricism and Rationalism
Which languages gained prominence in linguistic studies during the Renaissance period?
Hebrew and Arabic
Which scholar did not contribute significantly to the growth of linguistics during the Renaissance period?
Leonardo da Vinci
What is the primary means of communication in a sign language?
Manual symbols
Who are the primary users of sign language?
People with hearing impairments
What are the basic elements of a sign in sign language?
Hand shape, orientation, location, movement, and non-manual markers
What type of sentence structure is not mentioned in the text?
Simple sentence
What is the definition of a sign language according to Riekehof (1987:9)?
A language that uses manual symbols and finger spelling to represent ideas and concepts
What is the primary difference between compound and complex sentences?
They differ in the way they combine main and subordinate clauses
Explore the concept of onomatopoeia and the Bow-wow theory of language origin, which suggests that words imitate natural sounds. Delve into how certain words in different languages echo natural sounds and speculate about the original sounds of language originating from emotional cries like pain, anger, and joy.
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