Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which type of model suggests that mental disorders are caused by a single factor operating in isolation?
Which type of model suggests that mental disorders are caused by a single factor operating in isolation?
- Multidimensional model
- DSM
- One-dimensional model (correct)
- Linear causal model
What does the DSM stand for?
What does the DSM stand for?
- Dimensional and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
- Diagnostic and Statistical Method of Mental Disorders
- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (correct)
- Disorder and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Which approach considers that everyone has generalized anxiety on some part of the curve?
Which approach considers that everyone has generalized anxiety on some part of the curve?
- Categorical approach
- Dimensional approach (correct)
- Linear approach
- Multidimensional approach
Which imaging technique provides the highest resolution for brain structure?
Which imaging technique provides the highest resolution for brain structure?
Which research technique involves injecting radioactive isotopes into the brain?
Which research technique involves injecting radioactive isotopes into the brain?
Which type of twins share 100% of their genes?
Which type of twins share 100% of their genes?
Which molecule carries the hereditary information for one organism?
Which molecule carries the hereditary information for one organism?
Which type of model suggests that mental disorders are caused by several independent factors contributing to the onset of a disorder?
Which type of model suggests that mental disorders are caused by several independent factors contributing to the onset of a disorder?
What does DSM stand for?
What does DSM stand for?
Which approach uses prototypes and typical profiles to diagnose mental disorders?
Which approach uses prototypes and typical profiles to diagnose mental disorders?
Which approach considers causal factors operating on individuals with subthreshold levels of a disorder in the general population?
Which approach considers causal factors operating on individuals with subthreshold levels of a disorder in the general population?
Which approach categorizes individuals with a certain number of symptoms as having a specific disorder?
Which approach categorizes individuals with a certain number of symptoms as having a specific disorder?
Which approach suggests that everyone has generalized anxiety on some part of the curve?
Which approach suggests that everyone has generalized anxiety on some part of the curve?
What is the purpose of using a dimensional approach in diagnosing mental disorders?
What is the purpose of using a dimensional approach in diagnosing mental disorders?
In a categorical approach, how many symptoms are required for a diagnosis of Generalized Anxiety Disorder?
In a categorical approach, how many symptoms are required for a diagnosis of Generalized Anxiety Disorder?
What does the acronym GAD stand for in the context of mental disorders?
What does the acronym GAD stand for in the context of mental disorders?
What does the continuous perspective suggest about the presence of generalized anxiety in the population?
What does the continuous perspective suggest about the presence of generalized anxiety in the population?
Which imaging technique provides high-resolution 3-D structural images of the brain?
Which imaging technique provides high-resolution 3-D structural images of the brain?
Which research technique compares similarities in traits and behaviors between adopted individuals and their biological and adoptive parents?
Which research technique compares similarities in traits and behaviors between adopted individuals and their biological and adoptive parents?
Which type of twins share 50% of their genes?
Which type of twins share 50% of their genes?
Which technique measures the activity of different brain regions while performing cognitive tasks?
Which technique measures the activity of different brain regions while performing cognitive tasks?
Which type of proteins are responsible for muscle and hair formation?
Which type of proteins are responsible for muscle and hair formation?
Which technique uses X-rays to produce images of brain structure from different angles?
Which technique uses X-rays to produce images of brain structure from different angles?
Which pair of chromosomes determines the sex of an individual?
Which pair of chromosomes determines the sex of an individual?
Which technique involves injecting radioactive substances that attach to specific receptors in the brain to measure brain activity?
Which technique involves injecting radioactive substances that attach to specific receptors in the brain to measure brain activity?
Which type of twins share 100% of their genes and are formed from a single fertilized egg?
Which type of twins share 100% of their genes and are formed from a single fertilized egg?
Which technique measures the consistency of a measurement over time?
Which technique measures the consistency of a measurement over time?
Which type of model suggests that mental disorders are caused by a single factor operating in isolation?
Which type of model suggests that mental disorders are caused by a single factor operating in isolation?
What is the purpose of using a categorical approach in diagnosing mental disorders?
What is the purpose of using a categorical approach in diagnosing mental disorders?
Which manual outlines the criteria for mental disorders?
Which manual outlines the criteria for mental disorders?
Which approach uses prototypes and typical profiles to diagnose mental disorders?
Which approach uses prototypes and typical profiles to diagnose mental disorders?
What does the acronym DSM stand for?
What does the acronym DSM stand for?
Which approach considers that everyone has generalized anxiety on some part of the curve?
Which approach considers that everyone has generalized anxiety on some part of the curve?
Which type of twins share 100% of their genes and are formed from a single fertilized egg?
Which type of twins share 100% of their genes and are formed from a single fertilized egg?
Which imaging technique provides high-resolution 3-D structural images of the brain?
Which imaging technique provides high-resolution 3-D structural images of the brain?
Which research technique compares similarities in traits and behaviors between adopted individuals and their biological and adoptive parents?
Which research technique compares similarities in traits and behaviors between adopted individuals and their biological and adoptive parents?
What does the continuous perspective suggest about the presence of generalized anxiety in the population?
What does the continuous perspective suggest about the presence of generalized anxiety in the population?
Which imaging technique provides the highest resolution for brain structure?
Which imaging technique provides the highest resolution for brain structure?
What does DSM stand for?
What does DSM stand for?
Which type of twins share 50% of their genes?
Which type of twins share 50% of their genes?
Which technique involves injecting radioactive substances that attach to specific receptors in the brain to measure brain activity?
Which technique involves injecting radioactive substances that attach to specific receptors in the brain to measure brain activity?
Which technique measures the consistency of a measurement over time?
Which technique measures the consistency of a measurement over time?
Which type of twins share 100% of their genes and are formed from a single fertilized egg?
Which type of twins share 100% of their genes and are formed from a single fertilized egg?
Which imaging technique provides high-resolution 3-D structural images of the brain?
Which imaging technique provides high-resolution 3-D structural images of the brain?
What does the acronym GAD stand for in the context of mental disorders?
What does the acronym GAD stand for in the context of mental disorders?
Which type of proteins are responsible for muscle and hair formation?
Which type of proteins are responsible for muscle and hair formation?
Which pair of chromosomes determines the sex of an individual?
Which pair of chromosomes determines the sex of an individual?
Which type of model suggests that mental disorders are caused by several independent factors contributing to the onset of a disorder?
Which type of model suggests that mental disorders are caused by several independent factors contributing to the onset of a disorder?
What does DSM stand for?
What does DSM stand for?
Which approach categorizes individuals with a certain number of symptoms as having a specific disorder?
Which approach categorizes individuals with a certain number of symptoms as having a specific disorder?
Which technique measures the consistency of a measurement over time?
Which technique measures the consistency of a measurement over time?
What is the purpose of using a categorical approach in diagnosing mental disorders?
What is the purpose of using a categorical approach in diagnosing mental disorders?
Which type of twins share 100% of their genes and are formed from a single fertilized egg?
Which type of twins share 100% of their genes and are formed from a single fertilized egg?
Which imaging technique provides high-resolution 3-D structural images of the brain?
Which imaging technique provides high-resolution 3-D structural images of the brain?
Which approach considers that everyone has generalized anxiety on some part of the curve?
Which approach considers that everyone has generalized anxiety on some part of the curve?
Which approach uses prototypes and typical profiles to diagnose mental disorders?
Which approach uses prototypes and typical profiles to diagnose mental disorders?
What does the continuous perspective suggest about the presence of generalized anxiety in the population?
What does the continuous perspective suggest about the presence of generalized anxiety in the population?
What is the purpose of using standardized assessment techniques in psychology?
What is the purpose of using standardized assessment techniques in psychology?
Which imaging technique provides the highest resolution for brain structure?
Which imaging technique provides the highest resolution for brain structure?
What is the function of genes in the human body?
What is the function of genes in the human body?
What do adoption studies, family studies, and twin studies have in common?
What do adoption studies, family studies, and twin studies have in common?
Which pair of chromosomes determines the sex of an individual?
Which pair of chromosomes determines the sex of an individual?
What is the purpose of using a dimensional approach in diagnosing mental disorders?
What is the purpose of using a dimensional approach in diagnosing mental disorders?
Which imaging technique involves injecting radioactive substances that attach to specific receptors in the brain to measure brain activity?
Which imaging technique involves injecting radioactive substances that attach to specific receptors in the brain to measure brain activity?
What is the purpose of using a categorical approach in diagnosing mental disorders?
What is the purpose of using a categorical approach in diagnosing mental disorders?
Which technique measures the consistency of a measurement over time?
Which technique measures the consistency of a measurement over time?
Which type of twins share 100% of their genes and are formed from a single fertilized egg?
Which type of twins share 100% of their genes and are formed from a single fertilized egg?
Which term refers to the different forms of genes that may occur at a specific location?
Which term refers to the different forms of genes that may occur at a specific location?
What is the term for having two of the same alleles at a specific location?
What is the term for having two of the same alleles at a specific location?
What is the term for the genetic information about which alleles are in which location?
What is the term for the genetic information about which alleles are in which location?
What is the term for the resulting traits that can be observed?
What is the term for the resulting traits that can be observed?
Which type of allele more strongly influences a trait than the recessive allele?
Which type of allele more strongly influences a trait than the recessive allele?
How many alleles do our genes have for each gene?
How many alleles do our genes have for each gene?
What is the term for having two different alleles at a specific location?
What is the term for having two different alleles at a specific location?
What is the term for the location at which alleles occur?
What is the term for the location at which alleles occur?
What is the term for the genetic information about which alleles are in which location?
What is the term for the genetic information about which alleles are in which location?
What is the term for the resulting traits that can be observed?
What is the term for the resulting traits that can be observed?
Which type of inheritance involves several different genes and the intensity of a trait can vary along a continuum?
Which type of inheritance involves several different genes and the intensity of a trait can vary along a continuum?
What is the purpose of monitoring a low phenylalanine (PHE) diet in individuals with Phenylketonuria (PKU)?
What is the purpose of monitoring a low phenylalanine (PHE) diet in individuals with Phenylketonuria (PKU)?
What are endophenotypes in the context of mental illnesses?
What are endophenotypes in the context of mental illnesses?
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
What is the liability-threshold model based on?
What is the liability-threshold model based on?
What do genes code for directly in the context of mental illnesses?
What do genes code for directly in the context of mental illnesses?
What is the purpose of genetic testing for Phenylketonuria (PKU) in babies?
What is the purpose of genetic testing for Phenylketonuria (PKU) in babies?
What is the purpose of the liability-threshold model?
What is the purpose of the liability-threshold model?
What is the function of genes in the human body?
What is the function of genes in the human body?
What is the purpose of the monitoring a low phenylalanine (PHE) diet in individuals with Phenylketonuria (PKU)?
What is the purpose of the monitoring a low phenylalanine (PHE) diet in individuals with Phenylketonuria (PKU)?
Which protein functions as a receptor for oxytocin?
Which protein functions as a receptor for oxytocin?
Where is the oxytocin receptor gene localized in humans?
Where is the oxytocin receptor gene localized in humans?
What is the role of oxytocin receptors in the uterus?
What is the role of oxytocin receptors in the uterus?
Which brain region is innervated by the oxytocinergic circuit projecting from the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN)?
Which brain region is innervated by the oxytocinergic circuit projecting from the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN)?
Which genetic polymorphism occurs on the third intron of the oxytocin receptor (OXTR)?
Which genetic polymorphism occurs on the third intron of the oxytocin receptor (OXTR)?
Which allele of the OXTR gene is associated with higher levels of oxytocin?
Which allele of the OXTR gene is associated with higher levels of oxytocin?
Which group has a significantly higher frequency of the A allele of the OXTR gene?
Which group has a significantly higher frequency of the A allele of the OXTR gene?
Study Notes
Diagnostic Approaches
- The mono-causal model suggests that mental disorders are caused by a single factor operating in isolation.
- The multi-factorial model suggests that mental disorders are caused by several independent factors contributing to the onset of a disorder.
- The categorical approach categorizes individuals with a certain number of symptoms as having a specific disorder.
- The dimensional approach considers that everyone has generalized anxiety on some part of the curve.
- The prototype-matching approach uses prototypes and typical profiles to diagnose mental disorders.
- The continuous perspective suggests that generalized anxiety is present in the population to varying degrees.
Genetics
- Genes carry hereditary information for an organism.
- Genes have two alleles, one from each parent.
- The genotype is the genetic information about which alleles are in which location.
- The phenotype is the resulting traits that can be observed.
- Dominant alleles more strongly influence a trait than recessive alleles.
- Polygenic inheritance involves several different genes and the intensity of a trait can vary along a continuum.
Neuroimaging
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provides high-resolution 3-D structural images of the brain.
- Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans measure brain activity by injecting radioactive substances that attach to specific receptors in the brain.
- Computerized Tomography (CT) scans use X-rays to produce images of brain structure from different angles.
Twins and Adoption Studies
- Identical twins share 100% of their genes and are formed from a single fertilized egg.
- Fraternal twins share 50% of their genes.
- Adoption studies compare similarities in traits and behaviors between adopted individuals and their biological and adoptive parents.
- Twin studies examine the similarities and differences between identical and fraternal twins.
DSM
- DSM stands for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
- DSM outlines the criteria for mental disorders.
Other
- Endophenotypes are intermediate traits that are associated with a mental illness.
- Liability-threshold model is based on the idea that a disorder is present when a certain threshold of liability is exceeded.
- Genes code for proteins directly in the context of mental illnesses.
- Oxytocin receptors function as receptors for oxytocin and are localized on the third intron of the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene.
- The paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) projects to the oxytocinergic circuit in the brain.
- The oxytocin receptor gene has a genetic polymorphism that occurs on the third intron.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the difference between one-dimensional and multidimensional models of mental disorders. Understand how single causes operating in isolation compare to several independent factors contributing to the onset of a disorder. Learn about the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and its role in outlining criteria for diagnosing mental disorders.
