One-Dimensional Arrays in C

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes an array in C programming?

  • A data structure that stores multiple elements of the same data type in a contiguous block of memory. (correct)
  • A data structure that stores multiple elements of the same data type in a non-contiguous block of memory.
  • A data structure that stores a single element of any data type.
  • A data structure that stores elements of different data types.

Given the following C code, what is the index of the last element in the numbers array? int numbers[5];

  • 0
  • 4 (correct)
  • 5
  • 1

Which of the following code snippets correctly declares a one-dimensional array of integers named scores with a size of 10?

  • `int scores = array[10];`
  • `int scores[10];` (correct)
  • `int scores(10);`
  • `array scores[10];`

In C, how can you access the third element of an array named data?

<p><code>data[2]</code> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the array int values[3] = {5, 10, 15};, what is the value of values[1]?

<p>10 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements correctly modifies the first element of an array named myArray to the value 25?

<p><code>myArray[0] = 25;</code> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'traversing an array' mean in C programming?

<p>Accessing and processing each element of the array. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of loop is most commonly used for traversing arrays in C, allowing specification of start, end, and increment?

<p>for loop (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the following code, what will be printed to the console?

int numbers[5] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
    printf("%d ", numbers[i]);
}

<p><code>10 20 30 40 50</code> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To create a two-dimensional array called matrix with 3 rows and 5 columns, which of the following C code snippets is correct?

<p><code>int matrix[3][5];</code> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a two-dimensional array grid[4][6], how would you access the element in the 2nd row and 4th column?

<p><code>grid[1][3]</code> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the 2D array int table[2][3] = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};, what value will table[1][0] return?

<p>4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the two-dimensional array arrayName[rowIndex][columnIndex], what do rowIndex and columnIndex represent?

<p><code>rowIndex</code> represents the index of the row, and <code>columnIndex</code> represents the index of the column. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which code snippet shows the correct way to assign the value 15 to the element in the first row and second column of a 2D array named matrix?

<p><code>matrix[0][1] = 15;</code> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of multi-dimensional arrays in C programming?

<p>To store and manipulate structured data and represent complex data structures. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can nested loops be used to traverse a 2D array?

<p>The outer loop iterates through rows, and the inner loop iterates through columns. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines 'array traversal'?

<p>The process of accessing each element in an array, one by one. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which loop is most appropriate when you need to traverse an array and have a specific condition for terminating the loop?

<p>while loop (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following operations can be performed during array traversal?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the array int numbers[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};, which of the following loops correctly calculates the sum of all elements?

<p><code>int sum = 0; for (int i = 0; i &lt; 5; i++) { sum += numbers[i]; }</code> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between traversing a one-dimensional array and a multi-dimensional array?

<p>One-dimensional arrays require a single loop, while multi-dimensional arrays often require nested loops. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many indices are required to identify each element in a three-dimensional array?

<p>Three (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a structure in C programming?

<p>To group related data items of different types into a single unit. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which keyword is used to define a structure in C?

<p><code>struct</code> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the structure below, how would you declare a variable (or instance) of the structure?

struct Point {
    int x;
    int y;
};

<p><code>struct Point myPoint;</code> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you create an instance of a structure without initializing its members, what will the members contain?

<p>Garbage values (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What operator is used to access the members of a structure in C?

<p>. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the structure and variable:

struct Book {
 char title[50];
 float price;
};
struct Book myBook;

How would you assign the price of myBook to 29.99?

<p><code>myBook.price = 29.99;</code> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a structure is passed by value to a function, what happens to the original structure in the calling code?

<p>A copy of the structure is modified, and the original remains unchanged. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you modify structure members within a function and have the changes reflected in the calling code?

<p>Pass the structure by reference. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct way to pass a structure myStruct by reference to a function in C?

<p><code>function(&amp;myStruct);</code> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a pointer in C?

<p>A variable that stores the memory address of another variable. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symbol is used to declare a pointer variable in C?

<ul> <li>(C)</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

What does the address-of operator (&) do in C?

<p>It returns the memory address of a variable. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider the following code. What will be the output?

int num = 10;
int *ptr = &num;
printf("%d\n", *ptr);

<p>10 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which operator is used to access the value stored at the memory address pointed to by a pointer?

<ul> <li>(B)</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

Given the code:

int num = 5;
int *ptr = &num;
*ptr = 20;

What is the value of num after the execution of this code?

<p>20 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In C, what does 'passing a variable by reference' using pointers achieve?

<p>It allows the function to modify the original variable directly. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If int *ptr is passed as a parameter to a function, how can you modify the original variable that ptr points to?

<p>By assigning a new value to <code>*ptr</code>. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the switch statement in C?

<p>To execute different code blocks based on the value of a variable. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which keyword is used to specify a specific value to match in a switch statement?

<p><code>case</code> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if a break statement is omitted from a case block in a switch statement?

<p>The next <code>case</code> block is executed. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a switch statement, what is the purpose of the default label?

<p>To define a fallback option when none of the <code>case</code> values match. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is an array in C?

A data structure to store multiple elements of the same type in a contiguous block of memory.

What are one-dimensional arrays?

Simplest form of arrays, providing convenient storage and manipulation of data collections.

How do you create a one-dimensional array in C?

Declare the data type, array name, and specify the number of elements (arraySize).

What does 'type' represent in array declaration?

The data type of the elements stored in the array.

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What is the 'arrayName' in array declaration?

The name given to the array when it is declared.

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What does 'arraySize' indicate in an array?

The number of elements that the array can hold, defining its capacity.

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How to manipulate one-dimensional arrays?

Accessing array elements using their indices, which start from 0 for the first element.

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What does 'arrayName' represent when accessing array elements?

The name of the array.

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What does 'index' represent when accessing array elements?

The position of the element you want to access, starting from 0.

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How to modify array elements?

Assigning new values to array elements to change their content.

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What does 'newValue' represent?

The new value you want to assign to the array element.

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What is Array Traversal?

Accessing and processing each element of the array.

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What is a multi-dimensional array?

An array that contains multiple rows and columns, creating a grid-like structure.

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Creating multi-dimensional arrays

Specify the array's dimensions using rowSize and columnSize.

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What do rowSize and columnSize represent?

Represent the sizes of the array in each dimension.

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How to access multi-dimensional arrays?

Specifying both row index and column index to pinpoint element.

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What are 'Structures' in C?

Structures allow grouping related data items of different types into a single unit.

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How do you creating instance of a structure?

Create instances using the structure name and optionally initialize members.

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Accessing Structure Members

Use the dot (.) operator between the structure variable name and the member name.

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Passing Structures by Value

A copy of the entire structure is made and passed to the function.

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Passing Structures by Reference

Original structure can be directly accessed and modified within function with change reflected in calling code.

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What are Pointers?

They enable working with memory addresses and indirect data manipulation, useful for managing variables efficiently.

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Defining Pointers

A variable that stores the memory address of another variable.

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How to declare pointer variables

Use the asterisk symbol (*) before the variable name to declare pointers.

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How to initialize a Pointer

Assign a variable's memory address using the address-of operator (&).

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How to access values through pointers?

Access the value using the dereference operator (*)

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Passing Variables by reference

Allows modifying the values of variable within function and have changes reflected in calling code.

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Modifying Numbers via pointer Parameter

Uses an integer pointer via which the original variable is accessed and modified directly.

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What is the switch statement?

A control structure executing different code blocks based on a variable's value.

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What is switch a good alternative?

Multiple if...else if...else statements.

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What is 'default' in switch?

Provides a fallback when no cases match the expression value.

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Describing Switch Statement

Provides concise and efficient way to handle multiple cases.

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Study Notes

  • An array in C is a data structure that stores multiple elements of the same type in a contiguous memory block.
  • One-dimensional arrays represent the simplest array form for storing and manipulating data collections.

Creating One-Dimensional Arrays

  • To create an array, declare it and specify its size
  • The syntax is type arrayName[arraySize];
  • type is the data type of the elements
  • arrayName is the array name
  • arraySize is the number of elements the array holds
  • Example: To create an integer array named numbers to hold 5 elements, use int numbers;

Manipulating One-Dimensional Arrays

  • Array elements can be manipulated by accessing them through their indices
  • Array indices begin at 0 for the first element, and go to arraySize - 1

Accessing Array Elements

  • Syntax for accessing array elements is arrayName[index];
  • arrayName is the name of the array
  • index is the element's position
  • Example: To access the first element of the numbers array, use int firstElement = numbers;

Modifying Array Elements

  • Array element values can be modified by assigning new values
  • The syntax to modify an element is arrayName[index] = newValue;
  • arrayName is the name of the array
  • index is the position of the element to modify
  • newValue is the value to assign
  • To change the second element of the numbers array to 10, use numbers = 10;

Traversing One-Dimensional Arrays

  • Traversing accesses and processes each array element
  • Loops can iterate over array elements and perform operations on them
  • Example: Print elements of numbers array using a for loop: C/C++
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
 printf("%d ", numbers[i]);
}
  • A loop starts at index 0 and continues to index 4
  • The printf statement prints each array element to the console

Examples of Code Snippets

  • To declare an integer array: C/C++
int numbers;
  • To assign a value to the first element C/C++
numbers = 10;
  • To assign a value to the second element C/C++
numbers = 20;
  • To Access and perform operations on array elements: C/C++
int sum = numbers + numbers;
  • To output the sum of the first and second elements: C/C++
printf("Sum: %d\n", sum);

Explanation of Array Code

  • #include directive: includes the library so the printf function can display output
  • main function: Entry point of a C program
  • Declaration of the numbers integer array: In the main function, the integer array numbers of size 5 is declared
  • Assignment of values: Values 10 and 20 are assigned to the first and second elements of the array, respectively.
  • Addition: The addition of the first and second elements is performed and stored in a variable called sum
  • Printf function: Used to display the value of sum.

More Examples

  • To declare and initialize an integer array C/C++
int numbers = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
  • To Print each array element in a for loop: C/C++
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
printf("%d ", numbers[i]);
}
  • Print a new line after printing all elements: C/C++
printf("\n");
  • The code uses a for loop to iterate over the array with an index from 0-4
  • printf is used to print each array element using the format specifier %d

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