Oncology Nursing Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of tumor markers in cancer screening?

  • To estimate the stage of tumor development
  • To detect substances produced by tumors in the blood (correct)
  • To identify specific DNA mutations in cancer cells
  • To measure the effectiveness of chemotherapy

    • Which biopsy method is specifically designed to remove the entire mass of tissue?

  • Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB)
  • Excision Biopsy (correct)
  • Incision Biopsy
  • Core Needle Biopsy

    • Which dietary recommendation is suggested to help prevent cancer?

  • Consume processed foods regularly
  • Increase your intake of red meats
  • Limit fats and calories (correct)
  • Add more refined sugars to your diet

    • What is the recommended action to protect yourself from cancer according to the screening guidelines?

    <p>Limit exposure to excessive sunlight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT listed as a recommended action to avoid cancer?

    <p>Engage in regular smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes hyperplasia?

    <p>Excessive rate of cell division leading to increased cell numbers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nursing responsibility is associated with patients exhibiting dysplasia?

    <p>Monitoring for abnormal cell shapes and sizes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of palliative care in cancer treatment?

    <p>To maintain quality of life at the highest level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does oncological nursing primarily involve?

    <p>Providing care and education for cancer patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of surgery is performed to remove nonvital organs at increased risk of developing cancer?

    <p>Preventive or prophylactic surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of cellular aberrations, what does anaplasia indicate?

    <p>Change in DNA structure with loss of differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is metaplasia?

    <p>Transformation of one cell type into another type abnormal for that tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What class of chemotherapy drugs affects all phases of the cell cycle?

    <p>Cell cycle non-specific drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does hyperplasia play in tissue response?

    <p>It can be a normal tissue response to irritation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of alkylating agents in chemotherapy?

    <p>To break the DNA helix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which best describes the process of dysplasia?

    <p>Bizarre growth with abnormal cell arrangement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which procedure is primarily used for direct visualization of the colon?

    <p>Sigmoidoscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vincristine, a type of mitotic inhibitor, is primarily associated with which side effect?

    <p>Constipation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a normal tissue response?

    <p>Hyperplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common route of administration for chemotherapy?

    <p>IV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of surgical oncology is aimed at diagnosing cancer through tissue analysis?

    <p>Diagnostic Surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant preoperative preparation for patients undergoing a colectomy?

    <p>Begin bowel cleansing with a clear liquid diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lung carcinoma is most strongly associated with smoking?

    <p>Small cell lung carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal appearance of a colostomy stoma?

    <p>Red and protruding 1/2 inch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of leukemia do stem cells primarily produce nonlymphoid blood cells?

    <p>Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which procedure involves a total resection of the proximal colon?

    <p>Transverse colectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key risk factor for developing non-small cell carcinoma?

    <p>Cigarette smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of prostate cancer is common in its early stages?

    <p>Rarely produces symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of carcinoma is most common in men and is characterized by glandular differentiation?

    <p>Adenocarcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leukemia is characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of lymphoblasts derived from lymphoid stem cells?

    <p>Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What screening method is commonly used for prostate cancer detection?

    <p>Digital Rectal Examination (DRE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common laboratory finding in patients with acute leukemia?

    <p>Increased percentage of blasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is typically true regarding chronic leukemia symptoms?

    <p>Symptoms are less severe than acute leukemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical sign is often associated with acute leukemia?

    <p>Abrupt onset of symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common management strategy for individuals with leukemia?

    <p>Chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option is a nursing intervention for managing leukemia patients?

    <p>Manage and prevent infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of white blood cell counts may be observed in patients with leukemia?

    <p>Both low and elevated WBC counts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Oncology Nursing

    • Oncology is a branch of medicine focused on the study, detection, treatment, and management of cancer and neoplasia.
    • An oncology nurse is a Registered Nurse who cares for and educates patients with cancer.

    Cancer Prevention

    • Avoid tobacco use.
    • Protect oneself from excessive sunlight.
    • Limit alcohol and tobacco consumption.
    • Maintain a healthy diet by limiting fats and calories, and consuming fruits and vegetables.
    • Avoid cancer viruses.
    • Avoid carcinogens at work.

    Treatment Modalities

    • Treatment is aimed at control of chronic cancers and palliative care, which focuses on maintaining the highest quality of life for the longest possible time.

    Surgery

    • Preventive or Prophylactic: Removing nonvital tissues or organs at increased risk of developing cancer.
    • Diagnostic: Obtaining a tissue sample for analysis of suspected malignant cells.
    • Curative/Palliative: Relieving symptoms such as ulceration, obstruction, hemorrhage, pain, and malignant effusions.
    • Reconstructive: Performed after curative or extensive surgery to improve function or cosmetic appearance.

    Chemotherapy

    • Uses antineoplastic drugs to promote tumor reduction.
    • Different drugs target various phases of the cell cycle.

    Nursing Care of Patients with Cellular Aberration

    • Assessment Findings:
      • Abrupt onset of symptoms
      • Pallor
      • Fatigue
      • Dyspnea
      • Hemorrhages
      • Organomegaly
      • Headache
      • Vomiting
    • Nursing Management:
      • Manage and prevent infection
      • Monitor temperature

    Leukemia

    • Characteristics: Uncontrolled proliferation of white blood cells in the bone marrow, replacing normal marrow elements.
    • Types:
      • Myeloid: Stem cells produce nonlymphoid blood cells.
      • Lymphoid: Stem cells produce lymphocytes.
      • Monocytic:
      • Acute: Cells are primarily immature.
      • Chronic: Cells are primarily mature or differentiated.

    Lung Cancer

    • Risk Factors:

      • Air Pollution/Asbestos
      • Cigarette Smoking
      • 55-84 years old; peak: 65-74 years old

    • Types:

      • Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (15%): Always smoking related. Highly malignant tumor. No touch and no pain sensation.
      • Non-Small Cell Carcinoma:
        • Adenocarcinoma (50%): Invasive malignant epithelial tumor.
        • Squamous Cell Carcinoma (20%): More common in men, strongly associated with smoking.

    Prostate Cancer

    • Characteristics: Most common male cancer. Early stages rarely produce symptoms.
    • Screening:
      • Digital Rectal Examination (DRE)
      • Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
    • Location:
      • Central
      • Peripheral
      • Transitional

    Colon Cancer

    • Characteristics:
      • Increased risk: Smoking, age over 50, history of inflammatory bowel disease, genetic predisposition.
    • Screening:
      • Colonoscopy
      • Stool occult blood testing
    • Treatment:
      • Surgical removal of the affected colon segment
      • Adjuvant chemotherapy
      • Radiation therapy

    Breast Cancer

    • Screening:
      • Mammography
      • Clinical breast exam
    • Risk Factors:
      • Age
      • Family history
      • Genetic mutations
      • Dense breast tissue
      • Early menarche
      • Late menopause
      • Hormone replacement therapy
      • Obesity

    Proliferative Patterns

    • Hyperplasia: Increase in cell number due to excessive cell division.
    • Dysplasia: Abnormal cell growth with variations in size, shape, and arrangement.
    • Metaplasia: Transformation of one cell type to another, not typical for the tissue.
    • Anaplasia: Alteration in DNA cell structure and orientation, characterized by loss of differentiation and a return to a more primitive form.

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    Description

    Explore the essential aspects of oncology nursing, including cancer prevention strategies, treatment modalities, and surgical interventions. This quiz covers key concepts that oncology nurses must know to provide effective care for cancer patients.

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