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Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of tumor markers in cancer screening?
What is the purpose of tumor markers in cancer screening?
Which biopsy method is specifically designed to remove the entire mass of tissue?
Which biopsy method is specifically designed to remove the entire mass of tissue?
Which dietary recommendation is suggested to help prevent cancer?
Which dietary recommendation is suggested to help prevent cancer?
What is the recommended action to protect yourself from cancer according to the screening guidelines?
What is the recommended action to protect yourself from cancer according to the screening guidelines?
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Which of the following is NOT listed as a recommended action to avoid cancer?
Which of the following is NOT listed as a recommended action to avoid cancer?
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What characterizes hyperplasia?
What characterizes hyperplasia?
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Which nursing responsibility is associated with patients exhibiting dysplasia?
Which nursing responsibility is associated with patients exhibiting dysplasia?
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What is the primary goal of palliative care in cancer treatment?
What is the primary goal of palliative care in cancer treatment?
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What does oncological nursing primarily involve?
What does oncological nursing primarily involve?
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Which type of surgery is performed to remove nonvital organs at increased risk of developing cancer?
Which type of surgery is performed to remove nonvital organs at increased risk of developing cancer?
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In the context of cellular aberrations, what does anaplasia indicate?
In the context of cellular aberrations, what does anaplasia indicate?
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What is metaplasia?
What is metaplasia?
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What class of chemotherapy drugs affects all phases of the cell cycle?
What class of chemotherapy drugs affects all phases of the cell cycle?
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What role does hyperplasia play in tissue response?
What role does hyperplasia play in tissue response?
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What is the function of alkylating agents in chemotherapy?
What is the function of alkylating agents in chemotherapy?
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Which best describes the process of dysplasia?
Which best describes the process of dysplasia?
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Which procedure is primarily used for direct visualization of the colon?
Which procedure is primarily used for direct visualization of the colon?
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Vincristine, a type of mitotic inhibitor, is primarily associated with which side effect?
Vincristine, a type of mitotic inhibitor, is primarily associated with which side effect?
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Which of the following is considered a normal tissue response?
Which of the following is considered a normal tissue response?
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What is the most common route of administration for chemotherapy?
What is the most common route of administration for chemotherapy?
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What type of surgical oncology is aimed at diagnosing cancer through tissue analysis?
What type of surgical oncology is aimed at diagnosing cancer through tissue analysis?
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What is a significant preoperative preparation for patients undergoing a colectomy?
What is a significant preoperative preparation for patients undergoing a colectomy?
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Which type of lung carcinoma is most strongly associated with smoking?
Which type of lung carcinoma is most strongly associated with smoking?
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What is the normal appearance of a colostomy stoma?
What is the normal appearance of a colostomy stoma?
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In which type of leukemia do stem cells primarily produce nonlymphoid blood cells?
In which type of leukemia do stem cells primarily produce nonlymphoid blood cells?
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Which procedure involves a total resection of the proximal colon?
Which procedure involves a total resection of the proximal colon?
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What is a key risk factor for developing non-small cell carcinoma?
What is a key risk factor for developing non-small cell carcinoma?
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What characteristic of prostate cancer is common in its early stages?
What characteristic of prostate cancer is common in its early stages?
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Which type of carcinoma is most common in men and is characterized by glandular differentiation?
Which type of carcinoma is most common in men and is characterized by glandular differentiation?
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Which type of leukemia is characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of lymphoblasts derived from lymphoid stem cells?
Which type of leukemia is characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of lymphoblasts derived from lymphoid stem cells?
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What screening method is commonly used for prostate cancer detection?
What screening method is commonly used for prostate cancer detection?
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What is a common laboratory finding in patients with acute leukemia?
What is a common laboratory finding in patients with acute leukemia?
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Which of the following is typically true regarding chronic leukemia symptoms?
Which of the following is typically true regarding chronic leukemia symptoms?
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What clinical sign is often associated with acute leukemia?
What clinical sign is often associated with acute leukemia?
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What is a common management strategy for individuals with leukemia?
What is a common management strategy for individuals with leukemia?
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Which option is a nursing intervention for managing leukemia patients?
Which option is a nursing intervention for managing leukemia patients?
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What type of white blood cell counts may be observed in patients with leukemia?
What type of white blood cell counts may be observed in patients with leukemia?
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Study Notes
Oncology Nursing
- Oncology is a branch of medicine focused on the study, detection, treatment, and management of cancer and neoplasia.
- An oncology nurse is a Registered Nurse who cares for and educates patients with cancer.
Cancer Prevention
- Avoid tobacco use.
- Protect oneself from excessive sunlight.
- Limit alcohol and tobacco consumption.
- Maintain a healthy diet by limiting fats and calories, and consuming fruits and vegetables.
- Avoid cancer viruses.
- Avoid carcinogens at work.
Treatment Modalities
- Treatment is aimed at control of chronic cancers and palliative care, which focuses on maintaining the highest quality of life for the longest possible time.
Surgery
- Preventive or Prophylactic: Removing nonvital tissues or organs at increased risk of developing cancer.
- Diagnostic: Obtaining a tissue sample for analysis of suspected malignant cells.
- Curative/Palliative: Relieving symptoms such as ulceration, obstruction, hemorrhage, pain, and malignant effusions.
- Reconstructive: Performed after curative or extensive surgery to improve function or cosmetic appearance.
Chemotherapy
- Uses antineoplastic drugs to promote tumor reduction.
- Different drugs target various phases of the cell cycle.
Nursing Care of Patients with Cellular Aberration
-
Assessment Findings:
- Abrupt onset of symptoms
- Pallor
- Fatigue
- Dyspnea
- Hemorrhages
- Organomegaly
- Headache
- Vomiting
-
Nursing Management:
- Manage and prevent infection
- Monitor temperature
Leukemia
- Characteristics: Uncontrolled proliferation of white blood cells in the bone marrow, replacing normal marrow elements.
-
Types:
- Myeloid: Stem cells produce nonlymphoid blood cells.
- Lymphoid: Stem cells produce lymphocytes.
- Monocytic:
- Acute: Cells are primarily immature.
- Chronic: Cells are primarily mature or differentiated.
Lung Cancer
-
Risk Factors:
- Air Pollution/Asbestos
- Cigarette Smoking
- 55-84 years old; peak: 65-74 years old
-
Types:
- Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (15%): Always smoking related. Highly malignant tumor. No touch and no pain sensation.
-
Non-Small Cell Carcinoma:
- Adenocarcinoma (50%): Invasive malignant epithelial tumor.
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma (20%): More common in men, strongly associated with smoking.
Prostate Cancer
- Characteristics: Most common male cancer. Early stages rarely produce symptoms.
-
Screening:
- Digital Rectal Examination (DRE)
- Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
-
Location:
- Central
- Peripheral
- Transitional
Colon Cancer
-
Characteristics:
- Increased risk: Smoking, age over 50, history of inflammatory bowel disease, genetic predisposition.
-
Screening:
- Colonoscopy
- Stool occult blood testing
-
Treatment:
- Surgical removal of the affected colon segment
- Adjuvant chemotherapy
- Radiation therapy
Breast Cancer
-
Screening:
- Mammography
- Clinical breast exam
-
Risk Factors:
- Age
- Family history
- Genetic mutations
- Dense breast tissue
- Early menarche
- Late menopause
- Hormone replacement therapy
- Obesity
Proliferative Patterns
- Hyperplasia: Increase in cell number due to excessive cell division.
- Dysplasia: Abnormal cell growth with variations in size, shape, and arrangement.
- Metaplasia: Transformation of one cell type to another, not typical for the tissue.
- Anaplasia: Alteration in DNA cell structure and orientation, characterized by loss of differentiation and a return to a more primitive form.
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Description
Explore the essential aspects of oncology nursing, including cancer prevention strategies, treatment modalities, and surgical interventions. This quiz covers key concepts that oncology nurses must know to provide effective care for cancer patients.
