30 Questions
Which functional class of genes is involved in regulating proliferation, differentiation, DNA repair, and cell survival?
Proto-oncogenes and Oncogenes
What type of gene alteration occurs after conception and is not present in the germline?
Acquired or Somatic
Which type of variant directly contributes to the development of disease?
Pathogenic
What type of variant is expected to have a major effect on disease?
Pathogenic
Which type of variant does not cause disease?
Benign
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of neoplastic cells?
Tumor cells can't divide indefinitely
Which of the following is a classification for somatic variants?
Uncertain
What is the main difference between driver mutations and passenger mutations?
Driver mutations are involved in the development or progression of cancer, while passenger mutations do not contribute to cancer
What is the purpose of in silico prediction algorithms in determining functional changes in proteins?
To predict if a nucleotide change will change the structure and function of the protein
What are the two classifications for functional mutations?
Gain of Function and Loss of Function
Which type of mutation is considered dominant because just one copy of a proto-oncogene turned oncogene can produce a transformed phenotype?
Activating mutation
What is the function of tumor suppressor genes in normal cells?
Inhibit cellular proliferation
Which gene is normally involved in the activation of the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway?
BRAF gene
What happens when an activating variant is present in the BRAF gene?
Cell undergoes oncogenic transformation
What is the function of the p16INK4a protein in normal cells?
Inhibit CDK4 and CDK6
Which gene product inhibits the formation of cyclin-CDK complexes and prevents RB phosphorylation and release of E2F proteins?
p21
Which gene is downregulated by p53 if DNA repair is successful?
mdm2
Which gene is activated by p53 if DNA repair is not successful?
bax
Which type of mutation in the MET gene leads to impaired receptor degradation and oncogenic transformation in lung cancer?
Exon 14 Skipping
Which oncogene is encoded by the Human ERBB2 gene and is amplified in 15-30% of breast cancers?
HER2
Which of the following is NOT a type of alteration in genotype associated with malignant transformation?
Apoptosis Genes
Which of the following is NOT a trademark of cancer?
DNA Damage Repair
What is the main focus of the Human Genome Project?
Impact on Human Genetics and Genomics
Which book would be the most relevant for understanding the genetic basis of cancer?
Genetics in Medicine, 8th Ed, 2016
According to Bishop and Weinberg (1996), what are the two classes of cancer genes?
Proto-oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes
Which of the following is true about oncogene addiction?
It is a phenomenon where the survival and growth of a cancer cell is dependent on an activated oncogene or the inactivation of a tumor suppressor gene.
Which statement accurately describes the Human Genome Project?
It was an international effort to sequence all 3 billion nucleotide base pairs in the human genome.
What percentage of the human genome accounts for the coding portion?
1%
What is the impact of the completion of the human genome on research into disease mechanisms?
It has helped accelerate research into the mechanisms underlying disease.
What were the additional hallmarks of cancer added after 10 years of research?
Genomic instability and mutation, tumor-promoting inflammation, avoiding immune destruction, and de-regulating cellular energetics.
Test your knowledge of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes with this quiz! Learn about the different types of mutations that can activate oncogenes and the role of tumor suppressor genes in preventing cancer.
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