Oncogenes and Cancer Quiz

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Which of the following oncogenes is associated with the development of melanoma?

ERB-B1

HGF

N-RAS (correct)

FMS

What is the mode of activation for the ERB-B2 oncogene?

Translocation

Point mutation

Amplification (correct)

Overexpression

Which of the following oncogenes is associated with the activation of the WNT signal transduction pathway?

K-RAS

ABL

β-catenin (correct)

H-RAS

Which of the following is NOT a category of proto-oncogenes?

Cellular Membrane Receptors (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following oncogenes is associated with the development of chronic myeloid leukemia?

ABL (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of mutation is associated with the activation of the FMS oncogene?

Point mutation (B) Signup and view all the answers

The PDGF-β chain SIS oncogene can lead to which of the following cancers?

Osteosarcoma (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which oncogene is associated with the development of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs)?

KIT (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of translocations and inversions in cancer?

They only occur in the early stages of cancer development. (B) Signup and view all the answers

The 'Gatekeeper/Caretaker' concept in carcinogenesis refers to:

The two main types of genes that are involved in cancer development. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a tumor suppressor gene?

They are often overexpressed in cancer cells. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of 'promoters' in carcinogenesis?

They promote the proliferation of cells that have already been initiated. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a known translocation associated with cancer?

(1;22)(q32;q11) in Hodgkin's Lymphoma. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following genes, when affected by a translocation, has been linked to Burkitt lymphoma?

c-myc (C) Signup and view all the answers

The 'MULTISTEP' nature of carcinogenesis implies that:

Cancer develops gradually over time with the accumulation of genetic changes. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key factor involved in tumor 'PROGRESSION'?

The development of new blood vessels to supply the tumor with nutrients. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of carcinogen is associated with Burkitt Lymphoma?

Viral (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a direct 'Pro'carcinogen?

Aflatoxin B1 (C) Signup and view all the answers

The immune surveillance concept primarily involves which cells?

CD8+ T-cells and NK cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can be considered a Chemical Initiator?

Acylating Agents (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between 'Initiated' cells and promoters?

Initiated cells are more susceptible to promoters than normal cells. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which Phorbol Esters (TPA) promote tumor growth?

By activating Kinase C (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is associated with H. pylori infection?

Gastric lymphoma (M.A.L.T.-oma) (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a hallmark of tumor effects on the host?

Suppression of the immune system (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with hypercalcemia?

Melanoma (D) Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with symptoms of Cushing syndrome. Which of the following cancers is MOST likely to be the underlying cause?

Small cell carcinoma of lung (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential paraneoplastic syndrome associated with renal cell carcinoma?

Polycythemia (D) Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with symptoms of acanthosis nigricans. Which of the following is a possible underlying malignancy?

Breast carcinoma (B) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of tumor grading, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Grading is more important than staging in determining prognosis. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the tumor suppressor gene, p53?

Encodes for transcription factors (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of telomerase in cancer development?

Telomerase lengthens telomeres, granting cancer cells limitless replicative potential. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which gene is associated with the development of Wilms tumor?

WT-1 (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of cancer development, what is the significance of the "1-2 mm" distance mentioned in relation to tumor angiogenesis?

Tumors larger than 1-2 mm require angiogenesis to obtain adequate oxygen and nutrients. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which tumors evade apoptosis?

Activation of the RAS pathway (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following genes is directly associated with both colon cancer and melanoma?

APC/β-cadherin (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the ATM gene, commonly mutated in Ataxia Telangiectasia?

ATM is involved in DNA repair, specifically responding to double-strand breaks. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the correct order of events in metastatic spread of cancer?

Growth, Invasion, Angiogenesis, Intravasation, Embolisation, Extravasation, Adhesion, Metastatic Growth (D) Signup and view all the answers