Onake Obavva and Chitradurga Fort History

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Women Freedom Fighters

• Onake Obavva, a woman warrior from Chitradurga Fort, fought Hyder Ali's troops in the 18th century.
• Other notable women freedom fighters: Abbakka Rani, Keladi Chennamma, Kittur Chennamma.

Tribal Revolts in India

• Mangarh Massacre: a notable incident of tribal resistance against British colonial rule.
• Rampa Rebellion (1922-24): led by Alluri Sitaram Raju, a non-tribal leader who fought alongside the tribal people.

National Movement

• Science as a tool for liberation: Indian scientists established institutions such as the Indian Association for Cultivation of Science, the Bengal Chemical and Pharmaceutical Workshop, and the Indian Institute of Science.
• Notable freedom fighters: Bhagat Singh, Chandra Shekhar Azad, and Sardar Patel.

Indian National Congress

• Founded in 1885 by A.O. Hume, an Englishman.
• Early members: Dadabhai Naoroji, Feroze Shah Mehta, and S.P. Sinha.
• Notable sessions: Bombay (1885), Calcutta (1886), and Allahabad (1892).

British Colonization

• Taxation System: Permanent Settlement (1793), Mahalwari System, Ryotwari System, and Zamindari System.
• Acts and Commissions:
  • Regulating Act (1773): established the Supreme Court in Calcutta.
  • Council Act (1861): expanded the Governor-General's Council.
  • Government of India Act (1909): introduced separate electorates for Muslims.
  • Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms (1918): introduced dyarchy in provinces.
  • Simon Commission (1927): recommended constitutional reforms.

Notable Events and Movements

• Kakori Conspiracy Case (1925): a notable incident of revolutionary movement.
• Champaran Satyagraha (1917): Mahatma Gandhi's first civil disobedience movement in India.
• Quit India Movement (1942): a mass movement led by Mahatma Gandhi.
• RIN Mutiny (1946): a naval uprising against British rule.

Organisations and Associations

• Indian National Social Conference (1887): aimed to promote social reform and eradicate evils like child marriage and sati.
• Indian Association (1876): founded by Surendranath Banerjea.
• Brahmo Samaj (1828): a social and religious reform movement.
• Servants of India Society (1905): founded by Gopal Krishna Gokhale.
• Home Rule League (1916): demanded self-government for India.### Factory Act, 1881
• Made compulsory for all dangerous machines in factories to be properly fenced to ensure worker security, introduced by Ripon.

British Governors-General

• Lord Curzon:
  • Implemented the Partition of Bengal in 1905.

Socio-Religious Reform Movements

• Theosophical Society:
  • Fought against social evils.

Colonial India

• Andaman and Nicobar Islands:
  • Mentioned as a significant location.

Pre-Independence India Parties

• Justice Party:
  • Formed in pre-independence India.
• Congress Socialist Party:
  • Formed in 1934.
• Congress Ministries:
  • Formed between 1940-1947.

Indian Independence Movement

• Individual Satyagraha:
  • Started in 1940.
• Cripps Mission:
  • Took place in 1942.
• Quit India Movement (QIM):
  • Occurred from 1942-1944.
• CR Formula:
  • Introduced in 1944.
• Wavell Plan (Simla Conference):
  • Held in June 1945.
• Cabinet Mission:
  • Took place in 1946.
• Dickie Bird Plan:
  • Introduced in 1947.
• 3rd June Plan (Mountbatten Plan):
  • Implemented in 1947.
• Mahatma Gandhi:
  • Played a significant role in the Indian Independence Movement.
• India Independence Act:
  • Noted as a significant event.