Quiz on Thoracic Vasculature

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Questions and Answers

Which system does the pulmonary circulation belong to?

Pulmonary (correct)

Systemic

Neither

Both

Where does the pulmonary trunk and arteries begin?

Right ventricle (correct)

Ascending aorta

Superior vena cava

Left ventricle

What is the function of the pulmonary arteries?

Deliver oxygenated blood to the lungs

Deliver oxygenated blood to the body

Deliver deoxygenated blood to the lungs (correct)

Deliver deoxygenated blood to the body

Where does the right pulmonary artery lie in the anterior view?

Posterior to the ascending aorta Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of collateral arterial circulation of the trunk wall?

To bypass occlusions of the descending thoracic aorta Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the caval system in venous drainage of the thorax?

To drain deoxygenated blood from the thorax to the heart Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the superficial veins of the anterior thoraco-abdominal wall?

Collateral routes Signup and view all the answers

What is the pattern of thoracic lymphatic drainage?

From deep thoracic locations to the venous return Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the mediastinal groups of lymph nodes?

To filter lymph and remove pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pulmonary trunk and arteries?

To deliver deoxygenated blood to the lungs Signup and view all the answers

Where does the ascending aorta begin and end?

At the aortic valve and ends at the thoraco-abdominal diaphragm Signup and view all the answers

Which section of the mediastinum is the ascending aorta located?

The middle mediastinum Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary branches of the aorta?

Brachiocephalic artery and left common carotid artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the arterial supply for the anterior thoracic wall?

Internal thoracic artery Signup and view all the answers

Which two arteries are the terminal branches of the internal thoracic artery?

Musculophrenic artery and superior epigastric artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the collateral circulation between the superior and inferior epigastric arteries called?

Anastomosis Signup and view all the answers

Where is the superior vena cava located in the mediastinum?

The superior mediastinum Signup and view all the answers

What does the azygous vein drain into?

The superior vena cava Signup and view all the answers

Which veins join the brachiocephalic vein on the left side?

Posterior intercostal veins Signup and view all the answers

Which veins join the brachiocephalic vein on the right side?

Descending thoracic aorta Signup and view all the answers

Which veins are tributaries of the great saphenous vein?

Superficial epigastric and superficial circumflex iliac veins Signup and view all the answers

What prevents backflow or retrograde flow in lymphatic vessels?

Lymphatic valves Signup and view all the answers

Which nodes are part of the lymphatic pathways of the thoracic wall?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Do lymphatic vessels have valves?

Yes, they have valves Signup and view all the answers

Which veins provide collateral routes of venous drainage through the trunk?

Veins running in the superficial fascia Signup and view all the answers

Which veins join the azygous and posterior intercostal veins along the vertebral column?

Anterior external vertebral venous plexus Signup and view all the answers

Which nodes are part of the deep lymphatics in the thorax?

Bronchopulmonary (hilar) nodes and inferior tracheobronchial (subcarinal) nodes Signup and view all the answers

Which nodes are part of the lymphatic drainage pathways of the thoracic walls?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which veins drain into the axillary vein?

Thoracoepigastric vein Signup and view all the answers

Which veins bypass blockage of the Superior Vena Cava?

Paraumbilicals to portal vein Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pulmonary Circulation

Belongs to the cardiovascular system.
Pulmonary trunk and arteries begin at the right ventricle of the heart.
Function of pulmonary arteries is to carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for gas exchange.
Anterior view shows the right pulmonary artery lying horizontally across the main bronchus.
Collateral arterial circulation of the trunk wall provides alternative routes for blood flow, ensuring adequate supply during blockages.

Venous Drainage and Anatomy

Caval system facilitates venous drainage of the thorax, collecting blood from the upper body and returning it to the heart.
Superficial veins of the anterior thoraco-abdominal wall include the thoracoepigastric vein and the paraumbilical veins.
Thoracic lymphatic drainage follows a pattern of collecting lymph from both superficial and deep lymphatics, converging into larger vessels.
Mediastinal groups of lymph nodes filter lymph and detect and combat pathogens.

Cardiovascular Structures

The pulmonary trunk and arteries are responsible for transporting blood to the lungs and are crucial for oxygenation.
The ascending aorta begins at the left ventricle and ends at the aortic arch.
Ascending aorta is located in the anterior mediastinum.
Primary branches of the aorta include the coronary arteries, brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery.
Arterial supply for the anterior thoracic wall is derived from the internal thoracic artery and the intercostal arteries.

Internal Thoracic Artery

Terminal branches of the internal thoracic artery are the superior epigastric artery and the musculophrenic artery.
Collateral circulation between the superior and inferior epigastric arteries provides an alternative blood supply in case of blockage.

Venous Structures

Superior vena cava is situated in the right superior mediastinum.
Azygos vein drains into the superior vena cava.
Left brachiocephalic vein is joined by the left subclavian and left internal jugular veins.
Right brachiocephalic vein is joined by the right internal jugular vein and right subclavian vein.
Tributaries of the great saphenous vein include superficial veins of the leg and thigh.

Lymphatic System

Valves in lymphatic vessels prevent backflow or retrograde flow, allowing unidirectional flow toward lymph nodes.
Lymphatic pathways of the thoracic wall include parasternal nodes, intercostal nodes, and diaphragmatic nodes.
Lymphatic vessels do have valves, promoting efficient lymph transport.
Collateral routes of venous drainage through the trunk include thoracoepigastric veins and intercostal veins.
Azygos and posterior intercostal veins along the vertebral column receive blood from lumbar veins and lower intercostal veins.
Deep lymphatics in the thorax include the bronchomediastinal trunk, bringing lymph from the thoracic organs.

Other Important Structures

Axillary vein receives drainage from cephalic vein, brachial veins, and basilic vein.
Venous bypasses assist with maintaining blood flow in cases of superior vena cava blockage.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the thoracic vasculature with this quiz by Mr. Kristopher Vaudrey. Learn about the arterial outflow from the heart, thoracic branches of the aorta, collateral arterial circulation, and venous drainage of the thorax.