Response To Resistance - Use Of Force

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Questions and Answers

What is the Omaha Police Department's highest priority regarding the use of force?

The sanctity of human life and preservation of life for all persons involved. (correct)
Maintaining public order regardless of the level of force required.
Ensuring officer safety above all other concerns.
Apprehending criminal offenders efficiently.

What is the primary goal of the OPD regarding subjects' compliance?

To gain subjects’ _voluntary_ compliance, when consistent with personal safety, to eliminate or reduce the need for force. (correct)
To use the minimum amount of force necessary.
To assert authority and control over all situations encountered.
To ensure the safety of the officers involved.

Under what circumstances does the OPD acknowledge that officers may need to make split-second decisions about the use of force?

During planned operations with pre-determined use-of-force protocols.
In situations that are tense, uncertain, and rapidly evolving. (correct)
When there is a clear threat to public property.
When dealing with non-violent offenders resisting arrest.

According to the OPD policy, what principle must always take precedence over the apprehension of criminal offenders?

The protection of innocent human life. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are OPD officers expected to do concerning unreasonable force incidents they observe?

Safely intervene, when possible, and promptly report the incident to a supervisor. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the guiding principle when determining whether a use of force is reasonable?

Balancing the intrusion on the individual’s rights against the governmental interests at stake. (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to OPD policy, which of the following is NOT a factor when considering the appropriate use of force?

The political climate and public opinion at the time of the incident. (C) Signup and view all the answers

An officer witnesses another officer using force against a suspect who has already been fully restrained and is no longer resisting. According to OPD policy, what action should the first officer take immediately?

Safely intervene to stop the unreasonable force, if possible; then promptly report the incident to a supervisor. Prioritize officer safety above intervening. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes an 'Assaultive/High-Risk Subject' interaction?

An interaction where there is a credible threat or attempt to cause physical harm, leading to a reasonable fear of immediate danger. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of an impact weapon according to the provided content?

To create temporary motor dysfunction or mental distraction through pain. (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, what is a 'less-lethal' weapon?

A weapon that is not reasonably likely to cause death or serious bodily injury, even if under unique circumstances it could. (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of officer responses, what does 'Empty Hand Techniques (Vital Targets)' refer to?

The use of an officer’s body without weapons directed at vital areas of a subject to gain or maintain control. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What physiological effect does a Vascular Neck Restraint (VNR) aim to achieve?

Bilateral compression of the arterial and venous systems in the neck. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstances are officers justified in using deadly force, according to the content?

When a suspect is likely to immediately cause serious bodily injury or death to a person. (A) Signup and view all the answers

An officer is facing a subject who is exhibiting assaultive behavior but has not yet caused serious bodily harm. According to OPD guidelines can the officer use techniques/weapons from a higher subject category?

No, Officer responses will not include techniques and weapons from a higher subject category than the current subject interaction. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Consider a scenario where an officer is dealing with a suspect who presents an immediate threat of serious bodily injury to others. The officer has a clear shot, but discharging their firearm might also endanger bystanders. According to the use of force options, what considerations should the officer prioritize? (Insanely difficult)

The officer must exercise caution to ensure that their use of deadly force does not unreasonably threaten the safety of fellow officers and/or innocent parties, even while defending others. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of de-escalation techniques as defined by the OPD?

To provide officers with more time, distance, space, and tactical flexibility. (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to OPD policy, what is the responsibility of an officer who witnesses another officer using objectively unreasonable force?

To intervene if a reasonable opportunity exists and stop or attempt to stop the use of force. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions must an OPD officer take if they intervene in or witness a fellow officer's use of excessive force?

Both report the incident to a supervisor and document their observations on a Chief's Report (OPD Form 214). (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the BEST definition of 'First-Aid' according to the provided material?

Care given to an ill or injured person before regular medical aid can be obtained. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following BEST describes 'Force'?

Any physical effort used to control or restrain a subject, or to overcome the resistance of a subject. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of 'Less-Lethal Force'?

Any use of force other than that which is considered deadly force. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following areas is GENERALLY considered a 'Low Lethality Target Area'?

Extremities of the body (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Objectively Reasonable Force' refer to?

The amount of force that a reasonable officer would use when faced with the circumstances presented. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the standard established in Graham v. Connor that governs an officer's use of force?

The 'reasonableness' standard (D) Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes 'Serious Bodily Injury' as defined in the provided material?

Injury that creates a substantial risk of death, permanent disfigurement, or long-term loss or impairment of function of any bodily member or organ. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Striking which of the following areas of the body would be considered to have a high risk of causing serious bodily injury?

The spine (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the OPD's highest priority in all aspects of officer conduct?

The sanctity of human life. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstances does the OPD permit the use of improvised techniques and weapons?

Only in rare and unique circumstances justified by the totality of the circumstances. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to consider the 'totality of the circumstances' when determining the reasonableness of an officer’s actions?

Because a multitude of factors, such as size disparity and environmental risks, can influence the danger level for officers and citizens. (A) Signup and view all the answers

An officer is on scene and observes a fellow officer use force on a compliant suspect. The suspect is already in handcuffs and verbally complying with all instructions. The first officer does not intervene and fails to file a report about the incident. According to OPD policy, the officer...

...violated OPD policy by failing to intervene and report the incident. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstances is a supervisor required to respond to an incident scene?

When three (3) or more officers are dispatched to any radio call or officer-initiated incident. (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to the guidelines, what is the primary consideration for officers when using less-lethal techniques?

The best method to de-escalate the incident and safely bring it under control. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions is expressly prohibited for officers?

Using choke holds of any kind against a subject. (D) Signup and view all the answers

When are officers permitted to use deadly force against individuals?

When there is a reasonable belief of imminent threat of death or serious bodily injury to themselves or others. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In what situation can deadly force be used to make a lawful arrest?

When the crime involved the use or threatened use of deadly force and there is substantial risk of death or serious harm if apprehension is delayed. (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to the policy, what should officers attempt before using a firearm or other deadly force?

To give loud verbal warnings or commands, if possible. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Under what specific circumstance may an officer discharge a firearm at or from a moving vehicle?

When a person in the vehicle is immediately threatening the officer or another person with deadly force by means other than the vehicle. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the policy state regarding the use of warning shots?

Warning shots are strictly prohibited in effecting any type of arrest. (A) Signup and view all the answers

When an officer response technique proves ineffective after repeated attempts, what should officers consider?

Alternative officer response techniques or methods, including de-escalation. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a cooperative interaction with a subject?

An interaction with another person to achieve a particular goal where no physical force is needed to gain cooperation. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the guiding principle for an officer's response to a subject's behavior?

To escalate or de-escalate their response in accordance with the subject’s changing behavior, using the least amount of force necessary to control the subject. (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to the policy, what factor determines the use of deadly force for officers, regardless of the intended target's age or gender?

Whether or not an imminent threat of death or serious bodily harm is present. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of a cooperative subject officer response?

Electronic Control Device (ECD) (C) Signup and view all the answers

A subject who fails to place their hands behind their back for handcuffing, but offers no other physical resistance, is considered:

Passively Resistive (A) Signup and view all the answers

In addition to self-defense, under what other specific circumstance are officers authorized to use a firearm?

To give alarm, or call for assistance, when no other means is available. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which officer response is appropriate for a passively resistive subject?

Control Holds and Leverage Techniques (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to NRS §28-1412, which condition must ALL be met to justify the use of deadly force to make a lawful arrest?

The arrest is for a felony, the officer is authorized, there is no substantial risk to innocents, and the crime involved deadly force or there is risk of death or serious harm if apprehension is delayed. (A) Signup and view all the answers

An officer encounters a dog mauling a child. No other means are available to stop the attack. What action does policy authorize?

The officer is authorized to use deadly force to kill the dangerous animal to protect the child, guided by the same rules set forth for self-defense and defense and safety of others. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions would classify a subject as 'Actively Resistive'?

Running away from an officer. (D) Signup and view all the answers

An officer observes a subject clenching their fists and adopting a fighting stance, though no overt threats are made. How should this subject be classified?

Actively Resistive (D) Signup and view all the answers

An officer responds to a call where an individual is threatening self-harm with a knife but makes no threats toward the officer or others. According to policy, can the officer use deadly force?

No, because the policy prohibits the use of deadly force against individuals who pose a danger only to themselves unless the individual also endangers officers or other persons. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following officer responses is LEAST appropriate for an actively resistive subject?

Professional Presence (B) Signup and view all the answers

An officer is pursuing a fleeing suspect wanted for a non-violent property crime. The suspect evades the officer by running into a crowded shopping mall food court. The officer believes the suspect will likely avoid capture due to the large crowd. Can the officer discharge their firearm into the food court to stop the suspect?

No, because the use of deadly force is not justifiable for a non-violent property crime and the officer must exercise caution to prevent injury to innocent bystanders. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary intended purpose of an Electronic Control Device (ECD)?

To temporarily incapacitate subjects and enable the officer to gain control without serious injury. (B) Signup and view all the answers

When deploying a chemical agent, what physiological effects should officers anticipate?

Irritation of mucous membranes in the eyes, nose, mouth, and lungs, causing tearing, sneezing, coughing, and temporary blindness. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of Pepperball as a direct impact device?

To create temporary motor dysfunction or mental distraction by creating pain. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario are officers specifically required to articulate in the Chief's Report why lesser officer response options were ineffective against Actively Resistive Subjects?

When an ECD or less-lethal launcher is used. (D) Signup and view all the answers

An officer is attempting to handcuff a subject who is verbally refusing but not physically resisting. The officer has already given clear, lawful orders. According to the principles of graduated response, what should the officer do NEXT?

Continue to verbally persuade and attempt control holds and leverage techniques. (A) Signup and view all the answers

A subject is running through a crowded marketplace. They ignore all verbal commands to stop and are creating a significant risk of injury to others. Which of the following officer responses would be MOST appropriate, assuming all are available and permissible by policy?

Deployment of an ECD, followed by takedown techniques if necessary. (D) Signup and view all the answers

An officer is dealing with a suspect who is passively resisting. The suspect is limp and refusing to move, but not struggling or fighting. The officer attempts a joint lock technique, however, due to the suspect's unusual flexibility (hypermobility), the technique is ineffective and appears to be causing the suspect pain without achieving compliance. What is the MOST ethically sound and tactically wise course of action for the officer?

Recognize the technique's ineffectiveness due to the suspect's unique physiology, cease the joint lock, and attempt an alternative method of control or de-escalation. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

OPD's Highest Priority

Placing human life above all else in police actions.

Impact of Excessive Force

Inappropriate force erodes trust and harms community relationships.