Olfactory Behavior in N. virescens

Three plant odor preference assays were conducted with non-viruliferous N. virescens.

The RDV acquisition rate of non-viruliferous N. virescens on WT-RDV (RDV-infected) rice plants was 60.04%.

Deviations from equal distribution were analyzed with a Friedman–ANOVA.

<p>Fifteen biological replicates, each of fifteen newly emerged adults, were used in the feeding choice assays.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The walking track analysis was based on the behavior of both non-viruliferous and viruliferous vectors in response to different plant odors and treatments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The RDV transmission rate of viruliferous N. virescens on control rice plants (WT) was 86.86%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thrips, whiteflies, planthoppers, leafhoppers, and aphids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non-viruliferous insect vectors initially prefer virus-infected plants, but once the virus is acquired, they show a predilection for virus-free plants, potentially accelerating the virus outbreak.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Changes in the host preference of insect vectors after virus acquisition might be associated with plant volatiles induced by virus infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Terpenes, sesquiterpenes, green leaf volatiles (GLVs), fatty acid derivatives, aromatics, nitrogen-containing compounds, methyl salicylate, and methyl jasmonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was the first reported case of changes in host preference by insect vectors between virus-free and virus-infected plants after virus acquisition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insect vectors transmit persistent plant viruses by initially preferring virus-infected plants, acquiring the virus, and then showing a predilection for virus-free plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RDV infects rice plants and causes white chlorotic spots, shorter and fewer roots, increased tiller number, and decreased grain yield.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>N. virescens is a main insect vector for RDV, which can transmit the virus to rice plants in a persistent-propagative manner.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The authors hypothesized that certain VOCs produced by RDV-infected rice plants could influence the feeding and plant odor preference of N. virescens, leading to increased RDV acquisition and transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The results showed that non-viruliferous N. virescens preferred WT-RDV plant odors over WT plant odors, while viruliferous N. virescens showed a significant preference for WT plant odors over WT-RDV plant odors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The findings suggest that rice volatiles play a role in the feeding preferences of both non-viruliferous and viruliferous N. virescens, and could potentially be used to develop strategies for controlling RDV transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The researchers note that further studies are needed to identify the specific VOCs responsible for the observed preferences and their mechanisms of action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A four-chamber olfactometer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non-viruliferous N. virescens spent significantly more time in the arena containing WT-RDV plant odors than in the arena containing WT plant odors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viruliferous N. virescens spent longer time in the arena containing WT plant odors than in the arena containing WT-RDV plant odors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non-viruliferous N. virescens spent significantly longer time in the arena permeated with EBC, while viruliferous N. virescens spent significantly shorter time in the arena containing 2-heptanol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>EBC was attractive to non-viruliferous N. virescens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study provided new insights into the role of rice volatiles in the feeding and plant odor preferences of non-viruliferous and viruliferous N. virescens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study observed that (E)-β-caryophyllene was attractive to non-viruliferous N. virescens, but had no effect on viruliferous N. virescens. In contrast, 2-heptanol was not attractive or repellent to non-viruliferous N. virescens at any of the three dosages tested, but it was significantly repellent to viruliferous N. virescens at all three dosages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The effects of three doses of (E)-β-caryophyllene on non-viruliferous N. virescens and viruliferous N. virescens were analyzed. Similarly, the effects of three doses of 2-heptanol on non-viruliferous N. virescens and viruliferous N. virescens were also analyzed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study used oscas1 mutant rice plants to verify the attraction of (E)-β-caryophyllene to non-viruliferous N. virescens with feeding and plant odor preference studies. It was confirmed that (E)-β-caryophyllene was attractive to non-viruliferous N. virescens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study observed that there was no significant preference for feeding selection by non-viruliferous N. virescens between WT (RDV-free) and oscas1 (RDV-free) rice plants, or between oscas1 (RDV-free) and oscas1-RDV (RDV-infected) rice plants during the entire investigation. However, the number of non-viruliferous vectors was more abundant on WT-RDV (RDV-infected) rice plants than that on oscas1-RDV (RDV-infected) rice plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The results indicated that nonviruliferous vectors spent significantly different amounts of time in the olfactometer when exposed to rice volatiles from different types of rice plants. They also showed a significant preference for WT-RDV (RDV-infected) plants odor over the other three odor arenas, confirming the attraction of (E)-β-caryophyllene to non-viruliferous N. virescens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The walking tracks of non-viruliferous vectors in a four-field olfactometer with the three different assays can be found in Figure S3A–C.</p> Signup and view all the answers