Olfactory Behavior in N. virescens

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Questions and Answers

In the study, how many different plant odor preference assays were conducted with non-viruliferous N. virescens?

Three plant odor preference assays were conducted with non-viruliferous N. virescens.

What is the RDV acquisition rate of non-viruliferous N. virescens on WT-RDV (RDV-infected) rice plants?

The RDV acquisition rate of non-viruliferous N. virescens on WT-RDV (RDV-infected) rice plants was 60.04%.

What was the statistical method used to analyze the deviations from equal distribution in the plant odor preference assays?

Deviations from equal distribution were analyzed with a Friedman–ANOVA.

How many biological replicates were used in the feeding choice assays?

Fifteen biological replicates, each of fifteen newly emerged adults, were used in the feeding choice assays. Signup and view all the answers

What was the walking track analysis based on in the study?

The walking track analysis was based on the behavior of both non-viruliferous and viruliferous vectors in response to different plant odors and treatments. Signup and view all the answers

What is the RDV transmission rate of viruliferous N. virescens on control rice plants (WT)?

The RDV transmission rate of viruliferous N. virescens on control rice plants (WT) was 86.86%. Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of insect vectors that transmit plant viruses?

Thrips, whiteflies, planthoppers, leafhoppers, and aphids Signup and view all the answers

How do changes in host preference by insect vectors affect the outbreak of plant viruses?

Non-viruliferous insect vectors initially prefer virus-infected plants, but once the virus is acquired, they show a predilection for virus-free plants, potentially accelerating the virus outbreak. Signup and view all the answers

What is the association between changes in host preference of insect vectors and plant volatiles induced by virus infection?

Changes in the host preference of insect vectors after virus acquisition might be associated with plant volatiles induced by virus infection. Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by host plants during infection by plant viruses?

Terpenes, sesquiterpenes, green leaf volatiles (GLVs), fatty acid derivatives, aromatics, nitrogen-containing compounds, methyl salicylate, and methyl jasmonate Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the wheat–Rhopalosiphum padi–barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) pathosystem in relation to changes in host preference by insect vectors?

It was the first reported case of changes in host preference by insect vectors between virus-free and virus-infected plants after virus acquisition. Signup and view all the answers

How do insect vectors transmit persistent plant viruses?

Insect vectors transmit persistent plant viruses by initially preferring virus-infected plants, acquiring the virus, and then showing a predilection for virus-free plants. Signup and view all the answers

What are the main effects of rice dwarf virus (RDV) on infected rice plants?

RDV infects rice plants and causes white chlorotic spots, shorter and fewer roots, increased tiller number, and decreased grain yield. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Nephotettix virescens (N. virescens) in the transmission of RDV?

N. virescens is a main insect vector for RDV, which can transmit the virus to rice plants in a persistent-propagative manner. Signup and view all the answers

What hypothesis did the authors test in the study regarding the influence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on N. virescens behavior?

The authors hypothesized that certain VOCs produced by RDV-infected rice plants could influence the feeding and plant odor preference of N. virescens, leading to increased RDV acquisition and transmission. Signup and view all the answers

What were the key findings regarding the feeding preferences of non-viruliferous and viruliferous N. virescens in relation to WT and RDV-infected rice plant odors?

The results showed that non-viruliferous N. virescens preferred WT-RDV plant odors over WT plant odors, while viruliferous N. virescens showed a significant preference for WT plant odors over WT-RDV plant odors. Signup and view all the answers

What implications do the study's findings have for controlling RDV transmission?

The findings suggest that rice volatiles play a role in the feeding preferences of both non-viruliferous and viruliferous N. virescens, and could potentially be used to develop strategies for controlling RDV transmission. Signup and view all the answers

What are the future research directions highlighted by the researchers in the study?

The researchers note that further studies are needed to identify the specific VOCs responsible for the observed preferences and their mechanisms of action. Signup and view all the answers

What type of olfactometer was used to investigate the involvement of rice volatiles in the olfactory behavior of N. virescens?

A four-chamber olfactometer. Signup and view all the answers

What were the results regarding the time spent by non-viruliferous N. virescens in the arena containing WT-RDV plant odors compared to the arena containing WT plant odors?

Non-viruliferous N. virescens spent significantly more time in the arena containing WT-RDV plant odors than in the arena containing WT plant odors. Signup and view all the answers

What were the findings regarding the residence time of viruliferous N. virescens in the arenas containing WT plant odors and WT-RDV plant odors?

Viruliferous N. virescens spent longer time in the arena containing WT plant odors than in the arena containing WT-RDV plant odors. Signup and view all the answers

What were the effects of EBC and 2-heptanol on the olfactory behavior of non-viruliferous and viruliferous N. virescens?

Non-viruliferous N. virescens spent significantly longer time in the arena permeated with EBC, while viruliferous N. virescens spent significantly shorter time in the arena containing 2-heptanol. Signup and view all the answers

What role did EBC play in the olfactory behavior of non-viruliferous N. virescens?

EBC was attractive to non-viruliferous N. virescens. Signup and view all the answers

What insights did the study provide into the role of rice volatiles in the feeding and plant odor preferences of N. virescens?

The study provided new insights into the role of rice volatiles in the feeding and plant odor preferences of non-viruliferous and viruliferous N. virescens. Signup and view all the answers

What behavioral responses did the study observe in non-viruliferous N. virescens when exposed to different doses of (E)-β-caryophyllene and 2-heptanol?

The study observed that (E)-β-caryophyllene was attractive to non-viruliferous N. virescens, but had no effect on viruliferous N. virescens. In contrast, 2-heptanol was not attractive or repellent to non-viruliferous N. virescens at any of the three dosages tested, but it was significantly repellent to viruliferous N. virescens at all three dosages. Signup and view all the answers

What were the effects of different doses of (E)-β-caryophyllene and 2-heptanol on non-viruliferous N. virescens and viruliferous N. virescens?

The effects of three doses of (E)-β-caryophyllene on non-viruliferous N. virescens and viruliferous N. virescens were analyzed. Similarly, the effects of three doses of 2-heptanol on non-viruliferous N. virescens and viruliferous N. virescens were also analyzed. Signup and view all the answers

How did the study confirm the attraction of (E)-β-caryophyllene to non-viruliferous N. virescens?

The study used oscas1 mutant rice plants to verify the attraction of (E)-β-caryophyllene to non-viruliferous N. virescens with feeding and plant odor preference studies. It was confirmed that (E)-β-caryophyllene was attractive to non-viruliferous N. virescens. Signup and view all the answers

What were the feeding preferences of non-viruliferous N. virescens in relation to different types of rice plants and virus infection status?

The study observed that there was no significant preference for feeding selection by non-viruliferous N. virescens between WT (RDV-free) and oscas1 (RDV-free) rice plants, or between oscas1 (RDV-free) and oscas1-RDV (RDV-infected) rice plants during the entire investigation. However, the number of non-viruliferous vectors was more abundant on WT-RDV (RDV-infected) rice plants than that on oscas1-RDV (RDV-infected) rice plants. Signup and view all the answers

What were the results of the plant odor preference assays conducted to verify the attraction of (E)-β-caryophyllene to non-viruliferous N. virescens?

The results indicated that nonviruliferous vectors spent significantly different amounts of time in the olfactometer when exposed to rice volatiles from different types of rice plants. They also showed a significant preference for WT-RDV (RDV-infected) plants odor over the other three odor arenas, confirming the attraction of (E)-β-caryophyllene to non-viruliferous N. virescens. Signup and view all the answers

What were the walking paths of non-viruliferous vectors observed in the four-field olfactometer for the three different assays?

The walking tracks of non-viruliferous vectors in a four-field olfactometer with the three different assays can be found in Figure S3A–C. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The study aimed to investigate the involvement of rice volatiles in the olfactory behavior of N. virescens using a four-chamber olfactometer.
Results showed that non-viruliferous N. virescens spent significantly more time (almost 570 sec) in the arena containing WT-RDV plant odors than in the arena containing WT plant odors (almost 240 sec).
The residence time of viruliferous N. virescens in the two arenas also showed significant differences, with longer time spent in the arena containing WT plant odors (almost 484 sec) than in the arena containing WT-RDV plant odors (almost 271 sec).
These findings suggested that both non-viruliferous and viruliferous N. virescens preferred WT-RDV plant odors over WT plant odors.
To examine the effects of two specific rice volatiles (EBC and 2-heptanol) on the olfactory behavior of non-viruliferous and viruliferous N. virescens, a four-quadrant olfactometer was used.
The time non-viruliferous N. virescens spent in the arena permeated with EBC was significantly longer than in the other three arenas at all tested concentrations (0.01, 0.1, and 1 µg µL−1).
In contrast, the time viruliferous N. virescens spent in the arena containing 2-heptanol was significantly shorter than in the other three arenas (0.01, 0.1, and 1 µg µL−1).
The results indicated that EBC was attractive to non-viruliferous N. virescens, while 2-heptanol was repellent to viruliferous N. virescens.
The study provided new insights into the role of rice volatiles in the feeding and plant odor preferences of non-viruliferous and viruliferous N. virescens.
The research was published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2023.

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Test your knowledge on the involvement of rice volatiles in mediating the olfactory behavior of N. virescens. This quiz covers the experimental setup, results, and significance levels in the study.