Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which structure is responsible for identifying smells?
Which structure is responsible for identifying smells?
Taste buds must be replaced every 10 days.
Taste buds must be replaced every 10 days.
True
What chemical process occurs whenNa+ ions depolarize channels in response to salty tastes?
What chemical process occurs whenNa+ ions depolarize channels in response to salty tastes?
channel activation
The ______ papillae contain the most taste buds, forming a V shape.
The ______ papillae contain the most taste buds, forming a V shape.
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Match the following tastes with their corresponding receptor activation method:
Match the following tastes with their corresponding receptor activation method:
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What is the primary function of the tensor tympani muscle?
What is the primary function of the tensor tympani muscle?
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The cochlea is responsible for both hearing and equilibrium.
The cochlea is responsible for both hearing and equilibrium.
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What structure contains hair cells for equilibrium?
What structure contains hair cells for equilibrium?
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The ______________ reflex reduces vibrations on the ossicles to prevent damage to the inner ear.
The ______________ reflex reduces vibrations on the ossicles to prevent damage to the inner ear.
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Match the following parts of the inner ear with their primary functions:
Match the following parts of the inner ear with their primary functions:
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How does sound volume relate to membrane vibrations?
How does sound volume relate to membrane vibrations?
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High-frequency sound waves displace the basilar membrane near the base.
High-frequency sound waves displace the basilar membrane near the base.
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Which nerve carries sound vibrations from the cochlea to the brainstem?
Which nerve carries sound vibrations from the cochlea to the brainstem?
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Which part of the eye is responsible for draining aqueous humor?
Which part of the eye is responsible for draining aqueous humor?
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Rods are more densely located in the central fovea compared to cones.
Rods are more densely located in the central fovea compared to cones.
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What neurotransmitter is released from photoreceptors?
What neurotransmitter is released from photoreceptors?
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The lens of the eye is made of __________.
The lens of the eye is made of __________.
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Match the following eye components with their functions:
Match the following eye components with their functions:
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What process occurs when the ciliary muscle tightens?
What process occurs when the ciliary muscle tightens?
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Transretinol is formed when light activates the visual pathway.
Transretinol is formed when light activates the visual pathway.
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What part of the ear connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx?
What part of the ear connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx?
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The __________ serves to trap and direct sound waves to the middle ear.
The __________ serves to trap and direct sound waves to the middle ear.
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Which component of the middle ear is responsible for transmitting vibrations to the oval window?
Which component of the middle ear is responsible for transmitting vibrations to the oval window?
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Study Notes
Olfaction (Smell)
- Olfactory receptors are bipolar neurons located in the nasal mucosa
- Mucus dissolves odorants allowing them to be detected
- Simple columnar epithelium supports, nourishes, and detoxifies olfactory receptors.
- Olfactory stem cells constantly replace receptors which have a lifespan of approximately one month.
- The facial nerve controls the olfactory gland and supporting cells.
- Olfaction pathway begins at olfactory hairs and propagates upwards.
- Odorant binding to receptors activates G-proteins.
- G-proteins activate adenylate cyclase.
- ATP is converted to cyclic AMP (cAMP).
- cAMP opens channels allowing sodium and calcium influx, depolarizing the neuron.
- Frontal lobe identifies the smell and the hypothalamus and amygdala create an emotional response.
- Receptors for smell are located on the tips of bipolar neurons in the nasal mucous membrane,.
- Odorants dissolve in mucous.
Gustation (Taste)
- Taste receptors are located on taste buds.
- Taste buds are protected by basal epithelial cells which are stem cells that replace gustatory cells every 10 days.
- Taste receptors respond to tastants (chemicals in food) and release neurotransmitters.
- Basic tastes include sour, sweet, bitter, salty and umami.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamentals of olfaction and gustation, exploring the biological mechanisms behind smell and taste. It examines the role of olfactory receptors, the olfactory pathway, and the structure of taste buds, as well as their connections to brain functions. Test your knowledge on how these senses interact with our emotions and perceptions.
