Old English Language and Customs Phase 1-3

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Questions and Answers

What is the term for words borrowed from other languages?

Loan words

What is the name of the wall built by the Romans in Britain?

Hadrian Wall

What are the two elements that describe the history of a language?

External and Internal

What does the term 'vernacular' refer to?

<p>Commonly spoken language</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the people who inhabited Britain before the Anglo-Saxons?

<p>Celts</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary way the Celts traveled?

<p>Roman Roads</p> Signup and view all the answers

After the Romans departed from Britain, many Celts remained in the same location but adopted a new ethnicity. What is the name of the new ethnicity they adopted?

<p>Bermanic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Anglo-Saxon Language Changes

Internal language changes in Old English, like pronunciation shifts and shifts in the meaning of words, during Phase 1-3.

Latin Loanwords

Words borrowed from Latin into Old English, such as 'wall' and 'kitchen'.

Celtic Influence

Influence of Celtic languages, customs, and beliefs on Old English.

Old English Phase 1-3

A period in the history of the English language before the Norman Conquest, encompassing internal and external language changes and societal shifts.

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Roman Influence

Impact of Roman occupation on Britain, including infrastructure (roads, walls) and language (loan words).

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Celtic Inhabitants

Groups of people, the Celts, dwelling in the British Isles before the Anglo-Saxons.

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Internal Language History

The evolution of language itself over time, such as changes in grammar, pronunciation or vocabulary, and meaning.

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"Nice" Meaning Change

The word "nice" once had a different meaning (foolish) in Old English, as seen in Middle English.

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Pronunciation Shift /k/

The sound /k/ in words like knight or knife had a different pronunciation in Old English.

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Wicca

Ancient beliefs in the British Isles before the Anglo-Saxons related to paganism.

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May Day

A celebration with roots in pre-Christian traditions.

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Halloween

A celebration with ancient roots in beliefs about spirits.

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Latin Words

Words adopted from the Latin language that are part of the Old English vocabulary.

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Hadrian's Wall

Construction of a wall in Britain by the Romans as a defensive and control structure.

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Roman Roads

Infrastructure created by the Romans to enhance communication and travel.

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External Language History

Study of the influence of other languages and events on the development of a language.

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Study Notes

Old English Phase 1-3

  • External Language History:
    • The changing function of the vernacular (i.e., the native language) in relation to other languages and wider societal changes
  • Internal Language History:
    • The changing forms of the language
    • Internal or external language elements to categorize
      • Sounds: A change in sounds or pronunciation, examples include the change in the /k/ sound
      • Meanings: The changing meaning of words, examples include the word "nice"

Belief/Customs and Language

  • Belief/Customs: Examples of beliefs are:
    • Wicca
    • Halloween
    • May Day
  • Language: Examples of words and sounds are:
    • queen from (qu)
    • knight from (kn)
    • knife from (kn)
    • burgh from (gh)
    • loch from (loch)
    • lake from (lake-kh)

Influence of Rome

  • Impact on Infrastructure:
    • Creation of Roman roads for faster travel across the country
    • Construction of the Hadrian's Wall
  • Loanwords from Latin:
    • Words borrowed from Latin, examples include:
      • Wall
      • Kitchen
      • Wine
      • Mile
      • Street
      • Human
      • Animal
      • Decimal
      • Digital
      • Factory
      • Library
      • Manual
      • Solar
      • Military
      • Science
      • Station
      • Dental

Phase 1: Before the Anglo-Saxons

  • Early Inhabitants:
    • Celts inhabited Britain for a long time
    • They were previously known as "natives of the British Isles"
  • Ethnic Identity:
    • Most Celts stayed in the same place and adopted Germanic ethnicity

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