History Test Revision - 3.12.24

Medieval tournaments were events where knights competed in various activities, including jousting and sword fighting for entertainment and glory.

Medieval tournaments involved jousting (mounted combat), archery competitions, sword fighting, and other entertainments like dancing bears and dog fighting.

Jousting was a combat sport in medieval tournaments where knights on horseback fought with lances and aimed to unseat their opponent using a points system.

In jousting, knocking an opponent off their horse earned 3 points, hitting them on the head 2 points, any other body part 1 and hitting the horse would deduct a point.

The tournament marshal was a kind of referee or judge, ensuring tournament rules were followed.

The herald announced knight names and results in medieval tournaments.

A knight's coat of arms was a personal badge, a design on their armour and shield to be easily recognized.

The tilt was a barrier in a medieval tournament to protect fallen knights from being trampled by horses.

Medieval tournaments offered various side entertainments, beyond the combat, like ale tents, dancing bears and local lords competitions, for broader engagement.

Tournaments were popular for knights because they provided opportunities for glory and status, and they were popular with spectators for the exciting competitions and entertainments.

A formal document granting rights and freedoms to a town, allowing it to govern itself.

The governing body of a medieval town, often responsible for collecting taxes and managing improvements.

A reason why medieval towns grew in size, such as the meeting of major roads or the presence of a castle.

Rights granted by a charter, such as running courts and markets without paying taxes to the lord or king.

Potential financial gain for the lord or king, resulting from increased trade and taxes from the town.

The typical physical arrangement of a medieval town, often centered around the castle, with dirt tracks as streets, and shops, houses, and defensive structures.

A group of medieval traders or craftspeople that created rules and regulations.

A person involved in buying and selling goods in a medieval town.

The Baron is the owner of the castle and the surrounding land. He controls the peasants and collects taxes.

The Baron's wife manages the household, cares for the children, and helps to run the castle when the Baron is away. She is also seen as an entertainer and a negotiator of important partnerships.

The Steward manages all the servants, cooks, butlers, serving staff, gardeners, and even the farm workers.

The Chamberlain manages the lord and lady's rooms, their possessions, and clothes. He makes sure the servants do their jobs and is responsible for castle finances like taxes.

The Marshal manages horses, carts, blacksmiths, stonecutters, and carpenters.

The Constable is responsible for castle security, managing soldiers, and controlling access.

An oubliette is a dungeon where forgotten prisoners are imprisoned and punished for crimes.

The Jester entertains the people of the castle with funny stories and songs.

Most people in the Middle Ages lived in villages and worked as farmers, often for a lord who owned the land. They lived in simple huts and grew their own food.

Peasants, also known as villeins, were farmers who worked the land for the lord. They lived in small huts, grew their own food, and paid the lord for the right to live on his land.

Peasants grew crops like wheat for bread, barley for beer, and oats or rye for animal feed. They had to grow their own food and there were no shops to buy it.

In exchange for letting peasants live on his land, the lord received obedience, help when needed, and several days of labor per week from the peasants.

Besides farming, some villagers had specialized jobs like carpenters, blacksmiths, or weavers. They sold their goods or services within the village or in nearby towns.

Villages had common areas for animals to graze, woodlands for fuel, and a river for fish. They also had workshops for crafting and a church for worship.

Villages had a green, a central open space used for meetings and markets, where villagers could gather and trade goods.

The lord lived in a strong manor house, collecting taxes from the peasants. The baron, a powerful lord, lived in a castle.