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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of disinfectants?

  • To control infections
  • To relieve pain
  • To kill microbes (correct)
  • To reduce mental tension

Which medication is used for cancer therapy?

  • Analgesics
  • Penicillin
  • Cisplatin (correct)
  • AZT

What is the primary purpose of analgesics?

  • To relieve pain (correct)
  • To cure infections
  • To calm patients
  • To kill microbes

Which one of the following cannot cure HIV-AIDS?

<p>AZT (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of drug is used to manage stress and anxiety in patients?

<p>Tranquilizers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common property of antiseptics?

<p>They prevent contamination of wounds. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is effective in extending the life of AIDS victims?

<p>AZT (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of antibiotics in medicine?

<p>To control infections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is specifying the unit essential when stating a measurement?

<p>Units provide clarity and context to the measurement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which device is used to measure temperature in a chemistry laboratory?

<p>Thermometer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate SI unit to express average room temperature?

<p>Kelvin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What measurement tool would be suitable for directly measuring the volume of a liquid?

<p>Volumetric flask (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is a measured quantity typically expressed in scientific contexts?

<p>As a number with an appropriate unit (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about measuring substances in chemistry is true?

<p>Only macroscopic properties can be measured directly. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of measuring properties in chemistry?

<p>To compare and assess changes in different substances. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common device used to make measurements in chemistry?

<p>Calculator (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical enterprise is located in Adolla?

<p>Adola Magnesium Oxide Factory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What product does the Abijata Soda Ash Factory produce?

<p>Trona (Na3H(CO3)2.2H2O) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following enterprises specializes in the manufacturing of paints?

<p>Nefas Silk Paints (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of products does the Adami Tulu Pesticide Processing Plant formulate?

<p>Pesticides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical factory is known for producing both soap and detergent?

<p>Repi Soap &amp; Detergent P.L.C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which city's enterprise is dedicated to the manufacturing of aluminum sulphate?

<p>Addis Ababa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary product of the Y.B Cosmetics enterprise?

<p>Cosmetics and perfume (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following products is NOT manufactured by the Modern Building Industries?

<p>Magnesium oxide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the SI prefix for $10^3$?

<p>Kilo (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a systematic uncertainty?

<p>Inaccurate meter sticks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of the symbol 'µ' in SI units?

<p>Micro (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of uncertainty can be reduced but not eliminated?

<p>Random uncertainty (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these metric prefixes represents a factor of $10^{-9}$?

<p>Nano (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which measurement unit represents 1,000 grams?

<p>Kilogram (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the factor of the SI prefix 'Tera'?

<p>$10^{12}$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a random uncertainty?

<p>Fluctuations due to external conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When adding the numbers 89.332 and 1.1, what is the correct rounded result?

<p>90.4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct number of significant figures in the measurement 0.052 kg?

<p>Two (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the multiplication of 2.8 and 4.5039, what is the correct rounded product?

<p>13 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many significant figures are in the number 2.720 × 10^22?

<p>Four (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you have the number 3000 mL and want to express it with four significant figures, how would you write it?

<p>3.000 × 10^3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For the number 8.727 rounded to two decimal places, what is the correct rounded value?

<p>8.73 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a calculation involving significant figures, how do you determine the number of figures in a quotient?

<p>By the smallest number of significant figures in any factor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct rounded result of 6.85 divided by 0.0611388789?

<p>0.0611 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of conducting experiments after formulating a hypothesis?

<p>To determine if the hypothesis is supported by real-world observations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why can a hypothesis not be proven or disproven with a single experiment?

<p>One experiment may not be sufficient to establish a pattern. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if the data analysis is inconsistent with the hypothesis?

<p>The hypothesis should be modified or rejected and reanalyzed. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main safety rules to observe in a laboratory?

<p>To perform only experiments approved by the teacher. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions is strictly prohibited in the laboratory?

<p>Eating or drinking while engaged in an experiment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ultimately happens when a hypothesis is proven with no discrepancies over repeated testing?

<p>It becomes a theory. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential behavior to exhibit in a laboratory setting?

<p>Respecting the materials and equipment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended attire to ensure safety in a chemistry laboratory?

<p>Protective clothing and approved eye protection. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Food Preservation

Methods to keep food from spoiling or decaying for a longer time

Meat Preservation

A way to preserve raw meat using various methods

Disinfectants

Substances that kill microbes in places like toilets, floors, and drains.

Analgesics

Pain relievers.

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Anesthetics

Drugs that eliminate pain during medical procedures.

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Antibiotics

Medications used to treat bacterial infections.

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Antiseptics

Substances used to prevent infection.

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Tranquilizers

Medications that reduce anxiety and stress.

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Ethiopian Chemical Enterprises

Large and medium-sized companies in Ethiopia producing various chemical products.

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Chorra Gas & Chemical Products - A.A

A company in Addis Ababa producing plastics, chemicals, and petroleum products, plus aluminum sulphate and sulphuric acid.

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Ziway Caustic Soda Factory

A factory in Ziway producing sodium hydroxide.

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Abijata Soda Ash Factory

A company in Bulbula producing trona (a sodium carbonate mineral).

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Modern Building Industries

A company in Addis Ababa producing cement products, ceramics, paints, and various other building materials.

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Tadesse Filatea PLC

A company in Woliso manufacturing soap, detergents, corrugated iron, nails, and infant milk formula.

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Soap and Detergent Companies in Ethiopia

Several companies in Ethiopia produce soap and detergents.

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Cosmetics Companies in Ethiopia

Companies like Y.B Cosmetics and Mekab PLC produce cosmetics and related items.

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What is a standard of comparison?

A reference point used for evaluating or measuring other things.

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Why are units crucial in science?

Units provide context for measurements, allowing for consistent communication and understanding of quantities.

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Macroscopic Properties

Properties of matter that are directly observable and measurable with standard tools.

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Microscopic Properties

Properties of matter that are not directly observable and require indirect methods to measure.

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SI Units

The International System of Units, a globally adopted system that uses metric units based on powers of 10 for consistent measurement.

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Metric Units

Units of measurement related to each other by powers of 10, allowing for easy conversion between them.

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What are some examples of measuring devices?

Instruments used to measure different properties of matter, including length, volume, mass, and temperature.

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Activity 2.1

An activity that involves using a thermometer with both Celsius and Fahrenheit scales to measure body temperature, determining the distance between two locations, and identifying appropriate SI units for different quantities.

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SI Prefixes

Symbols like 'k' (kilo) or 'µ' (micro) that multiply base units by powers of 10. They simplify expressing very large or small quantities.

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Megawatt

A unit of power equal to 1 million watts (1,000,000 watts).

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What is uncertainty in measurement?

The inherent variability in any measurement due to factors like limitations of equipment, human error, or random variations.

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Systematic Uncertainty

A consistent error in every measurement, always pushing the value too high or too low.

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Random Uncertainty

Unpredictable variations in measurements, not following any pattern.

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Can random uncertainty be eliminated?

No, random uncertainty can be reduced by improved techniques and equipment, but it cannot be completely eliminated.

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Kilogram

A unit of mass, equivalent to 1000 grams.

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Micrometer

A unit of length equal to one millionth of a meter (1/1,000,000 meter).

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Scientific Method: Hypothesis

An educated guess or proposed explanation for an observation, based on existing knowledge. It's a testable statement about the relationship between variables.

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Testing a Hypothesis

Conducting experiments to determine if the hypothesis is supported or contradicted by real-world observations. This involves gathering data and analyzing results.

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Analysis & Conclusion

Evaluating experimental data using scientific methods to determine if the hypothesis is accepted, rejected, or modified. Conclusions are drawn based on the analysis.

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Theory vs. Hypothesis

A theory is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that has been repeatedly tested and confirmed through experiments. It is a more established and robust explanation compared to a hypothesis.

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Laboratory Safety: Responsibility

Taking actions to prevent accidents in a laboratory. This includes following instructions, using equipment properly, and being aware of potential dangers.

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Eye Protection in Labs

Always wearing approved eye protection when handling chemicals or working in areas where chemicals are present. This protects your eyes from potential hazards like splashes or projectiles.

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Significant Figures in Addition/Subtraction

The result of addition or subtraction cannot have more digits to the right of the decimal point than the original number with the fewest decimal places.

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Unauthorized Experiments

Avoid performing experiments that are not instructed by your teacher or lab manual. This includes using only the specified quantities of materials and following all safety procedures.

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Smoking in Lab?

Never smoke in a laboratory. Smoking poses fire hazards and also exposes you to chemicals present in the air, which are harmful to your health.

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Rounding Rule: Less than 5

When rounding off a number, if the first digit after the rounding point is less than 5, drop all the digits after the rounding point.

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Rounding Rule: Greater than or Equal to 5

When rounding off a number, if the first digit after the rounding point is 5 or greater, increase the preceding digit by 1 and drop all the digits after the rounding point.

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Significant Figures in Multiplication/Division

The result of multiplication or division has the same number of significant figures as the original number with the fewest significant figures.

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Exact Numbers and Significant Figures

Exact numbers (like definitions or counting) have an infinite number of significant figures because they are considered perfectly precise.

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Scientific Notation and Significant Figures

Scientific notation clearly indicates the number of significant figures by showing the non-zero digits and the power of 10.

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Zeros in Significant Figures

Zeros between nonzero digits are significant, zeros to the left of the first non-zero digit are NOT significant. Zeros to the right of the decimal point are significant.

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Why are 'significant figures' important in calculations?

Significant figures represent the precision of a measurement. They help us make sure the results of calculations reflect the actual precision of our measurements.

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Study Notes

Chemistry Textbook Grade 9

  • Textbook is for Grade 9 students in the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia.
  • Includes periodic table of elements.
  • Covers topics about care of the textbook.
  • Includes information on chemical bonding, measurements, and atomic structure.
  • Provides multiple exercises and questions to test understanding.
  • Includes diagrams and figures to illustrate concepts.
  • Discusses topics in different sections.
  • Details different types of chemical bonds and their properties.
  • Discusses the history and development of periodic classification of elements.
  • Covers the atomic theories of different scientists
  • Details some measurements and scientific methods
  • Explains the various aspects of the atomic structure and composition.
  • Explains the properties of different elements through the periodic table.
  • Explains methods of determining the composition and properties of elements.

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