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Questions and Answers

What condition is described as a disease process due to lack of Vitamin D that causes bone deformities in children?

Rickets (correct)

Osteomalacia

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Scoliosis

What is the term for the surgical fixation of a joint that involves joining two or more vertebrae together?

Arthroplasty

Arthrodesis (correct)

Laminectomy

Osteotomy

What is another name for moveable joints in the human body?

Osteoarthroses

Amphiarthroses

Diarthroses (correct)

Synarthroses

What is the term for the wide knob-like end of a bone that is covered with cartilage?

Epiphysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the cracking sensation that can be felt and heard upon the movement of a joint?

Crepitus Signup and view all the answers

What skeletal condition is characterized by a lateral curvature of the spine?

Scoliosis Signup and view all the answers

What are bone-forming cells called?

Osteoblasts Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes joints that allow for a large range of motion?

Diarthroses Signup and view all the answers

How many bones do adults typically have in their bodies?

206 Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for Club Foot?

Talipes Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of yellow bone marrow?

Stores fat cells Signup and view all the answers

What type of fracture is characterized by the bone breaking through the skin?

Open/Compound Fracture Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is often referred to as 'swayback'?

Lordosis Signup and view all the answers

Where can you find growth plates in a long bone?

Metaphysis Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical structure connects bone to bone?

Ligaments Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms describes a fracture that has a helical or twisting pattern?

Spiral Fracture Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the skeletal system produces blood cells?

Red bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

What does a bursitis condition affect?

Bursa Signup and view all the answers

What defines a 'Closed/Simple Fracture'?

Bone breaks occur but skin remains intact Signup and view all the answers

What causes arthritis due to wear and tear?

Osteoarthritis Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the bone is typically hollow?

Medullary cavity Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the fibrous connective tissue that covers the outer layer of bone?

Periosteum Signup and view all the answers

What is characterized by diagonal breaks in the bone structure?

Oblique Fracture Signup and view all the answers

How many bones are in the adult human axial skeleton?

80 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Terminology

Fontanelle: Soft spots on a baby's skull made of fibrous connective tissue. These spots allow the skull to be flexible during birth and early childhood.
Arthrodesis: A surgical procedure that fuses two bones together to stabilize and immobilize the joint.
External Fixation: A technique that uses pins or other devices placed through the skin to treat fractures.
Medullary Cavity: The hollow space in the shaft of long bones where yellow bone marrow is stored.
Osteoarthritis: A type of arthritis characterized by the breakdown of cartilage in joints.
Compression Fracture: A type of fracture where a bone is crushed or compressed, often seen in the vertebrae.
Oblique Fracture: A type of fracture where the break runs diagonally across the bone.
Transverse Fracture: A type of fracture where the break runs straight across the bone.
Luxation: A complete displacement of a bone from its joint.

Bone Structure and Properties

Compact Bone: Dense, hard outer layer of bone that provides strength and support.
Gliding: A type of joint in which bones slide over each other.
Bursa: A fluid-filled sac that acts as a cushion between bones, tendons, or ligaments.
Diaphysis: The shaft or long part of a bone.
Ligaments: Strong, fibrous connective tissue that connects bones to bones.
Periosteum: The outermost covering of a bone.
Internal Fixation: A technique that uses pins, screws, or plates placed directly into the bone to treat fractures.

Bone Functions

The skeletal system consists of bones that are grouped into two divisions: the axial skeleton, which includes the skull, spine, and rib cage, and the appendicular skeleton, which includes the bones of the limbs.
Bones are responsible for providing structure and support, protecting vital organs, allowing movement, and producing blood cells.

Bone Growth and Development

The epiphysis is the end of long bones that contains growth plates, also known as the metaphysis, which is responsible for the growth of long bones.
Bone breaks are called fractures, while soft tissue injuries are called sprains.
Osteoblasts build bone, while osteoclasts break down bone, and osteocytes maintain the bone.

Common Skeletal Disorders and Injuries

Scoliosis: A lateral curvature of the spine.
Lordosis: A forward curve in the lumbar spine (swayback).
Gout: A type of inflammatory arthritis characterized by uric acid crystals forming in joints.
Bursitis: A painful condition caused by inflammation of a bursa.
Kyphosis: A humpback or forward curve of the thoracic spine.
Arthralgia: Joint pain.
Osteoporosis: A condition where bone density decreases, making the bones fragile and susceptible to fractures.
Rickets: A bone disease that develops in children due to a lack of Vitamin D, affecting the development of bones.
Hallux Valgus: A bunion.
Arthroscopy: A surgical procedure used to examine a joint.

Skeletal System: Key Figures

The axial skeleton consists of 80 bones, the appendicular skeleton consists of 126 bones, and there are 206 bones in an adult.
The adult human skeletal system is divided into 206 bones, including a combination of compact and spongy bone.