Untitled Quiz

A distributed application structure where servers provide resources/services and clients request them.

The part of the system that requests services or data from the server.

The part of the system that provides resources or services to the clients.

Buying and selling goods or services online.

Business selling to consumers, like online shopping.

Business selling to another business, like suppliers.

Government providing services to consumers.

Consumer selling to consumer, platforms like eBay.

A technique to steal sensitive data by pretending to be a trustworthy entity.

Trying to understand individuals or groups based on their characteristics.

A network where a message sent by one device is received by all devices.

A network where data is sent between only two specific devices.

A message sent between a single sender and a single receiver.

A message sent from one source to all possible destinations.

A communication method where each user gets a fixed portion of the channel capacity, regardless of use. Unused portions exist.

A communication method where the channel capacity allocation changes based on user traffic. Resources are allocated based on need.

The network that connects all computers and devices in a larger system.

Dividing a large network into smaller, logical sub-networks.

Consisting of transmission lines (wires, fiber, radio) and switching elements (computers connecting lines).

A process that determines the best path for data transmission from source to destination.

The decision a router makes on where to send a packet next.

Identifying the sender and receiver in a communication system.

Procedures to manage the amount of data sent by a sender to prevent overwhelming the receiver.

A communication method where a connection is established before data transfer, and packets follow the same route.

A communication method where no connection is established; packets don't necessarily follow the same path.

A switching method that waits for the entire frame to arrive before forwarding it.

A switching method that forwards a frame after checking the destination address.

A switching method where a node completely receives a message before forwarding it to the next node.

A switching method where the forwarding of a message starts before the entire message is received by the node.

The set of operations a layer provides to the layer above it.

Rules and regulations for data communication in a network, defining how data is exchanged between devices.

A seven-layer model that follows a vertical approach, providing quality services.

A four-layer model that follows a horizontal approach and doesn't necessarily provide quality services.

A set of layers and protocols that organize network communication.

Factors considered when designing a network layer, including error detection mechanisms, as messages are susceptible to corruption.

Identifying corrupted or damaged data during transmission due to noise, hardware faults, and other issues.

A connection-oriented communication path established between two points in a network, maintained throughout the communication.

A unique identifier used to distinguish different virtual circuits.

A process where routers replace connection identifiers to avoid conflicts when multiple connections use the same identifier.

A non-adaptive routing technique where each router sends a packet to all its outgoing links except the one it arrived on.

A type of flooding where routers send packets to all outgoing links without any restrictions.

A type of flooding where routers use rules/algorithms to control the transmission of packets to neighbors.

A controlled flooding algorithm that uses sequence numbers to prevent duplicate packets.

A controlled flooding algorithm that forwards packets only if the path from the source is the reverse path.

Easy to setup, robust, visits all connected nodes, easy for broadcast messaging

Produces many duplicate packets, unless measures are taken.

If a newly arrived Link-State Packet (LSP) is older than the currently stored LSP (determined by sequence number), the older LSP is discarded.

A tree structure where the path from the root to any node is the shortest possible path.

An algorithm used to construct a shortest path tree from a graph.

A table maintained by a router to determine the best path to forward packets to various destinations.

A routing approach where routers are grouped into regions, ensuring that routers don't need to know about the entire network structure.

Methods to manage network traffic to prevent overload and maintain network performance.

TDM (Time Division Multiplexing) shares time, while FDM (Frequency Division Multiplexing) shares frequency. TDM works with both analog and digital signals, while FDM only with analog.

TDM has less conflict compared to FDM because it sequentially allocates time slots.

FDM (Frequency Division Multiplexing) has significant conflict as separate signals occupy different frequency bands. Signals interfering with each other

TDM is more efficient because it uses time slots effectively for multiple signals.

FDM is less efficient because it uses a lot of wasted frequency bands.

Time is shared in TDM to send multiple signals.

Frequency is shared in FDM to send multiple signals.

A communication method that establishes a dedicated, fixed path between two communicating devices, like a phone call.

A communication method that breaks down data into packets, each independently routed through the network, like sending an email.

Circuit switching is more reliable as a fixed path is established for transmission.

Packet switching is less reliable as packets can be lost or reordered during transmission.

Circuit switching has more resource wastage as the complete path is reserved even if the data isn't being transmitted

Packet switching has less resource wastage as the channels are not fully reserved.

Circuit switching has simple protocols to establish the connection

Packet switching requires more complex protocols to deal with data routing.

The data link layer offers services to the network layer, including various transmission modes such as unacknowledged connectionless, acknowledged connectionless, and acknowledged connection-oriented.