Podcast
Questions and Answers
What term describes the method of transferring messages to all recipients simultaneously?
What term describes the method of transferring messages to all recipients simultaneously?
Which example represents Business-to-Consumer (B2C) e-commerce?
Which example represents Business-to-Consumer (B2C) e-commerce?
What technique is used for attempting to acquire sensitive data through fraudulent solicitation?
What technique is used for attempting to acquire sensitive data through fraudulent solicitation?
What is the primary characteristic of a Point-to-Point Network?
What is the primary characteristic of a Point-to-Point Network?
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How is unicast transmission best defined?
How is unicast transmission best defined?
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Which of the following best describes profiling?
Which of the following best describes profiling?
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What is an example of Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) e-commerce?
What is an example of Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) e-commerce?
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In the client-server model, what role do clients play?
In the client-server model, what role do clients play?
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What does a static approach to channel capacity allocation imply?
What does a static approach to channel capacity allocation imply?
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What are the two primary components of a subnet?
What are the two primary components of a subnet?
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Which process refers to selecting the path for data transfer from source to destination?
Which process refers to selecting the path for data transfer from source to destination?
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What does flow control primarily regulate?
What does flow control primarily regulate?
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How do connection-oriented and connectionless services differ in terms of reliability?
How do connection-oriented and connectionless services differ in terms of reliability?
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What is the main function of store-and-forward switching?
What is the main function of store-and-forward switching?
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Which statement accurately describes a characteristic of connection-oriented service?
Which statement accurately describes a characteristic of connection-oriented service?
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What is the role of switching elements in a subnet?
What is the role of switching elements in a subnet?
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What is the purpose of store-and-forward switching?
What is the purpose of store-and-forward switching?
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How many layers does the OSI model have?
How many layers does the OSI model have?
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Which of the following is NOT a service primitive?
Which of the following is NOT a service primitive?
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What is the primary difference between OSI and TCP/IP models in terms of layers?
What is the primary difference between OSI and TCP/IP models in terms of layers?
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Which design issue addresses the possibility of data corruption during transmission?
Which design issue addresses the possibility of data corruption during transmission?
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Which of the following statements about protocol is correct?
Which of the following statements about protocol is correct?
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What is the benefit of using different layers in network design?
What is the benefit of using different layers in network design?
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Which service method allows a layer to interact with the layer above it?
Which service method allows a layer to interact with the layer above it?
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What does the first entry in a routing table represent?
What does the first entry in a routing table represent?
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What is the primary function of routers in connection-oriented networks?
What is the primary function of routers in connection-oriented networks?
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What is uncontrolled flooding?
What is uncontrolled flooding?
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What is a significant limitation of flooding?
What is a significant limitation of flooding?
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Which of the following is an advantage of flooding?
Which of the following is an advantage of flooding?
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What algorithm is commonly used in controlled flooding to manage packet transmission?
What algorithm is commonly used in controlled flooding to manage packet transmission?
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Which of the following statements regarding flooding is true?
Which of the following statements regarding flooding is true?
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What happens when two hosts choose the same connection identifier in a network?
What happens when two hosts choose the same connection identifier in a network?
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What happens to an older LSP that arrives after a newly arrived LSP has been found?
What happens to an older LSP that arrives after a newly arrived LSP has been found?
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What does a shortest path tree represent in the context of Dijkstra's algorithm?
What does a shortest path tree represent in the context of Dijkstra's algorithm?
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In hierarchical routing, what information does a router have about regions outside its own?
In hierarchical routing, what information does a router have about regions outside its own?
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Which method is NOT mentioned as a way to alleviate network congestion?
Which method is NOT mentioned as a way to alleviate network congestion?
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What is provisioning in the context of congestion control?
What is provisioning in the context of congestion control?
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What is the main benefit of hierarchical routing?
What is the main benefit of hierarchical routing?
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What is the primary aim of traffic-aware routing?
What is the primary aim of traffic-aware routing?
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Which statement best reflects Dijkstra's algorithm's behavior regarding node classification?
Which statement best reflects Dijkstra's algorithm's behavior regarding node classification?
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Which statement accurately describes Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)?
Which statement accurately describes Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)?
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What is a key characteristic of Circuit Switching?
What is a key characteristic of Circuit Switching?
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How does Packet Switching differ from Circuit Switching?
How does Packet Switching differ from Circuit Switching?
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What type of service ensures that frames sent are acknowledged individually?
What type of service ensures that frames sent are acknowledged individually?
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Which service does Unacknowledged Connectionless Service NOT provide?
Which service does Unacknowledged Connectionless Service NOT provide?
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Which characteristic is associated with Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)?
Which characteristic is associated with Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)?
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Which of the following switching techniques is less reliable?
Which of the following switching techniques is less reliable?
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Which layer is responsible for implementing packet switching?
Which layer is responsible for implementing packet switching?
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Study Notes
Computer Networks
- A computer network is a group of interconnected computers that enables communication and resource sharing.
- Networks use communication mediums such as copper wires and fiber optics.
- Common network uses include file sharing, application sharing, hardware sharing, and e-commerce.
Network Architectures
- Peer-to-peer: Devices share resources equally without a dedicated server.
- Client-server: One or more servers provide resources to numerous clients.
E-commerce Models
- B2C (Business-to-consumer): Businesses sell directly to consumers. (e.g., online bookstore)
- B2B (Business-to-business): Businesses sell to other businesses. (e.g., manufacturer ordering materials)
- G2C (Government-to-consumer): Government agencies interact with the public. (e.g., tax forms online)
- C2C (Consumer-to-consumer): Consumers sell to other consumers. (e.g., online auctions)
- P2P (peer-to-peer): Individuals or devices share resources directly. (e.g., file sharing)
Network Technologies
- VPN (Virtual Private Network): Creates a secure connection over a public network
- RFID (Radio Frequency Identification): Uses radio waves to identify and track objects
- NFC (Near Field Communication): Short-range wireless communication
- GPS (Global Positioning System): Satellite network for location services
- DMCA (Digital Millennium Copyright Act): US law protecting copyright
- CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart): Prevents automated submissions
- WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access): Wireless broadband technology
- ARPANET: Early packet-switching network (ancestor of the modern internet)
- ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol): Used for network diagnostics and error reporting
- SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): Standard protocol for email transmission
- RTP (Real-Time Transport Protocol): Used for streaming audio and video
- HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): Main protocol for communication on the World Wide Web
- Telnet: For remote computer access
- DNS (Domain Name Server): Translates domain names to IP addresses
- FTP (File Transfer Protocol): Used to transfer files over a network
- TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): Connection-oriented protocol ensuring reliable data transmission
- UDP (User Datagram Protocol): Connectionless protocol for faster data transmission
- DSL (Digital Subscriber Line): High-speed internet access over existing phone lines
- SONET (Synchronous Optical Network): High-speed networking technology using fiber optic cables
- LAN (Local Area Network): Network within a limited area
- WAN (Wide Area Network): Network that covers a large geographic area, may involve multiple LANs
Other Protocols and Concepts
- Flow control manages the rate of data transmission to prevent overwhelming the receiver
- Error control detects and corrects errors during data transmission.
- Routing determining the optimal paths for data packets through a network.
- Subnetting: Dividing a network into smaller subnetworks to improve administration and security.
- Aggregation (Supernetting): Combining multiple smaller subnets into larger ones.
- Network Address Translation (NAT): Enables multiple devices on a private network to share a single public IP address.
- Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP): Used for diagnostics, error reporting, and control messages within IP networks.
- Address Resolution Protocol (ARP): Translates IP addresses to physical hardware addresses (MAC addresses).
- Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP): Automatically assigns IP addresses and other network configurations to devices.
- Hierarchical Routing: Dividing a network into autonomous systems. Each router in an autonomous system is aware of the other routers in that system.
- Link state routing: every router maintains a database of all the links in the network and compute the shortest path
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