Oil Refining Processes Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of molecule has two unsaturated bonds?

  • Alkenes
  • Arenes
  • Alkanes
  • Alkynes (correct)

    • What percentage of the world's energy is consumed by manufacturing?

  • 75%
  • 10%
  • 50% (correct)
  • 25%

    • What is the driving force for a reaction?

  • Enthalpy (correct)
  • Activation Energy
  • Catalysis
  • Entropy

    • Which process is commonly used to separate different fractions of crude oil?

    <p>Distillation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the boiling point range of heavy gas or fuel oil?

    <p>370 - 600°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process increases the octane number of gasoline?

    <p>Reforming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the products obtained from the cracking process?

    <p>Lower molecular weight products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hydrocarbon source has the highest H:C ratio?

    <p>Natural gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of coal has the lowest H:C ratio?

    <p>Anthracite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of superacid catalysis in processing heavy oils?

    <p>To decrease the level of organometallics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) chemistry?

    <p>To convert coal to liquid hydrocarbons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reactions involve high temperature conversion processes of hydrocarbons?

    <p>Homolytic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reactions are responsible for electrophilic conversions in acid catalyzed reactions of unsaturated hydrocarbons?

    <p>Heterolytic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reactions are less common in hydrocarbon conversions, but when they occur, intermediate carbanions are formed?

    <p>Ionic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main uses of refined petroleum products?

    <p>Transportation fuels, space heating fuels, power generation fuels, feedstock for chemicals and plastics, components for lubricants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a reason why coal, tar sands, and natural gas are less preferred than crude oil?

    <p>They have lower energy density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why will petroleum chemistry still be relevant even if petroleum use is less favored in the future?

    <p>Petroleum chemistry is necessary for the production of plastics and other petrochemical products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Does the use of a catalyst in petroleum processing change the equilibrium constant or heat of reaction compared to the situation without a catalyst?

    <p>No, the catalyst does not affect the equilibrium constant or heat of reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does petroleum processing or C1 chemistry play an important role in ammonia manufacture?

    <p>Petroleum processing provides the raw materials for ammonia production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hydrocarbon has a benzene parent and a delocalized p system?

    <p>Arenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general formula for alkenes?

    <p>CnH2n</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor determines the stability of reactants and products in a chemical reaction?

    <p>Gibbs Free Energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is used to increase the octane number of gasoline?

    <p>Reforming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of alkylation in hydrocarbon processing?

    <p>To produce high octane gasoline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hydrocarbon has the highest boiling point range?

    <p>Residuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of distillation in oil refining?

    <p>To separate different fractions of crude oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hydrocarbon source has the lowest H:C ratio?

    <p>Tar sand bitumen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) chemistry?

    <p>To convert coals to liquid hydrocarbons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of superacid catalysis in processing heavy oils?

    <p>To convert heavy oils to clean liquid fuels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of coal has the highest H:C ratio?

    <p>Lignite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hydrocarbon conversion reactions involve high temperature processes such as combustion and thermal cracking?

    <p>Homolytic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of acid catalyzed reactions in hydrocarbon conversions?

    <p>To initiate electrophilic conversions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hydrocarbon conversion reactions involve the alkylation of alkylarenes in the benzylic position?

    <p>Base catalyzed reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main uses of refined petroleum products?

    <p>Transportation fuels, fuels for space heating, fuels for power generation, feedstock for chemicals and plastics, components for lubricants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are coal, tar sands, and natural gas less preferred than crude oil?

    <p>They have higher carbon emissions than crude oil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is petroleum chemistry still relevant even if petroleum use is less favored in the future?

    <p>Petroleum chemistry is important for the production of plastics and other petrochemical products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Does the use of a catalyst in petroleum processing change the equilibrium constant or heat of reaction compared to the situation without a catalyst?

    <p>No, the use of a catalyst does not change the equilibrium constant or heat of reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does petroleum processing or C1 chemistry play an important role in ammonia manufacture?

    <p>Petroleum processing provides the raw materials for ammonia production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a reason why coal, tar sands, and natural gas are less preferred than crude oil?

    <p>They have lower energy content per unit volume compared to crude oil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why will petroleum chemistry still be relevant even if petroleum use is less favored in the future?

    <p>Petroleum chemistry is essential for the production of various petrochemicals and polymers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Does the use of a catalyst in petroleum processing change the equilibrium constant or heat of reaction compared to the situation without a catalyst?

    <p>It depends on the specific reaction and conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does petroleum processing or C1 chemistry play an important role in ammonia manufacture?

    <p>Petroleum processing provides the necessary raw materials for ammonia production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hydrocarbon has a benzene parent and a delocalized p system?

    <p>Arenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) chemistry?

    <p>To convert syngas into liquid hydrocarbons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor determines the stability of reactants and products in a chemical reaction?

    <p>Driving force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hydrocarbon source has the highest H:C ratio?

    <p>Natural gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the boiling point range of heavy gas or fuel oil?

    <p>Above 300°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hydrocarbon has the highest boiling point range?

    <p>Tar sands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of superacid catalysis in processing heavy oils?

    <p>To break down complex structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is commonly used to separate different fractions of crude oil?

    <p>Distillation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of alkylation in hydrocarbon processing?

    <p>To increase the octane number of gasoline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of superacid catalysis in processing heavy oils?

    <p>To convert heavy oils into lighter fractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hydrocarbon conversion reactions involve high temperature processes such as combustion and thermal cracking?

    <p>Cracking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a reason why coal, tar sands, and natural gas are less preferred than crude oil?

    <p>They have a lower energy density than crude oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does petroleum processing or C1 chemistry play an important role in ammonia manufacture?

    <p>Petroleum processing provides the raw materials needed for ammonia production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) chemistry?

    <p>To convert biomass into biofuels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When buying gas appliances, why do you have to specify whether you are using LPG or NG?

    <p>LPG and NG have different combustion temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hydrocarbon conversion reactions involve the removal of H2 by an oxidant?

    <p>Condensation*</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reactions involve the cleavage of longer chain alkanes, resulting in the predominance of C3 - C6 products?

    <p>Homolytic (free radical) reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reactions involve the formation of carbocations responsible for electrophilic conversions in acid catalyzed reactions of unsaturated hydrocarbons?

    <p>Heterolytic (ionic) reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reactions involve base catalyzed alkylation of alkylarenes in the benzylic position?

    <p>Heterolytic (base catalyzed) reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

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