Oil Industry: Drilling, Casing, and Tubing

Oil Industry Terminology - Drilling Structures, Tools, and Substances

• The video introduces oil industry terms related to drilling structures, equipment, tools, and substances, in a series of five parts.
• A new book is promoted by the speaker, available on EEM, and priced similarly to a cheap hamburger.
• Acquiring specialized vocabulary and integrating it into everyday conversations is essential in the oil industry.
• An accessible and affordable option to learn general English is offered for those lacking proficiency, with details provided later.
• Future videos are set to explore: job roles, titles, and schedules; well and reserve classifications; and measurements and fundamental concepts.

Drilling Phases: Drilling, Casing, and Tubing

• Well construction involves three phases: drilling, casing, and tubing.
• Drilling: is the process of penetrating the earth to create a well.
  • Wells are referred to as "Well (oil well)," "Wellbore," or "Borehole".
    • "Borehole" suggests a narrow, deep well type.
• Casing: lines the drilled wellbore with steel pipe.
  • This prevents contamination and aids operations.
  • Tubes of varying widths are utilized, ranging from very wide to narrow.
  • Tubes under 4.5 inches in diameter are used for tubing, not casing.
• Tubing: refers to the internal, smaller-diameter pipe within a well.
  • It transports crude oil or gas from deep underground to the surface.
  • Substances are extracted via pumping or natural pressure.

Drilling Rig Structures and Components

• Derrick: A tower-like structure with pulleys and ropes used in drilling.
• Drill String: the drilling instrument
  • Flexible due to interconnected "Joints".
• Drill Bit: the cutting tool attached to the end of the drill string.
  • The term "Drill Bit" includes any boring instrument.
• Drilling Fluid: also known as "Mud".
  • Circulated down the drill string to lubricate and remove cuttings.
  • Distinct from joint dope, which is used to lubricate drill string connections.
• Mud Pumps: pumps the drilling fluid/mud.
• Kelly: transfers rotational force to the drill string via a square or polygonal steel bar.
• Kelly Bushing: adapts the power to the Kelly.
  • Functions as an adapter between the Kelly and the Rotary Table
• Rotary Table: also called "Chuck a e ball".
  • A mechanical platform that rotates the drill string.
• Rotary Speed: Drill string rotation speed is measured in revolutions per minute (RPM).
• Mud Pit: Tanks used for storing or discarding drilling fluid.
  • Environmental protection means they are no longer just holes in the ground.
• PSI: Drilling fluid injection pressure is measured in pounds per square inch (PSI).
• Suction Line: the pipe sending drilling fluid from the Mud Pit to the drill string.
• Catlines, Wirelines: Flexible components supported by metal ropes driven by pulleys.
• Block and Tackle/Traveling Block: a pulley system for heavy lifting, offering mechanical advantage.
• Crown Block: the fixed, upper section of the pulley system.
• Traveling Block: the pulley system's adjustable or movable section.
• Swivel: enables rotation between pulleys and components like the Kelly.

Platform Equipment and Operations

• Mousehole: a hole on the platform floor for preparing the next drill string pipe section.
• Rathole: a hole near the mousehole for storing the kelly bushing.
• Doghouse: an elevated platform for sliding pipe; also refers to the chief driller's office for documentation, tools, and equipment.
• Monkey Board: a small platform for workers who handle pipe.
  • Drilling job titles are covered in a later video.
• Tripping (in) / Tripping (out): replacing worn drill bits.
  • This involves removing the drill string ("tripping out") and reinserting it with a new bit ("tripping in").
• Elevators: used to raise and lower pipe.
• Geronimo Slide: an escape apparatus for emergencies like fire, leakage, or explosion.
• Shale: fragments of solid material that come from drilling.
• Pig: an apparatus used for cleaning plumbing.
  • The process of using one is called "Pigging."

Other Drilling Elements

• Christmas Tree: or Wellhead, is a system of valves, levers, gauges, and equipment at the well site controlling gas and petroleum flow.
• Separator: Separates oil from water and gas near the wellhead.
• Chokes: individual valves control fluid or gas pressure.
• Choke Manifold: refers to the collective valves and parts used for pressure control.

Additional English Education Resource

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