Untitled Quiz

Atmospheric Structure and Processes

• Atmospheric air near the Earth's surface is primarily composed of nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%).
• Atmospheric pressure increases with height.
• Temperature changes within the atmosphere's four primary layers vary with height.

Earth's Tilt and Seasons

• The Earth is tilted at a 23.5° angle relative to its orbital plane.
• A greater tilt angle (40°) would lead to more extreme seasonal variations in middle latitudes.

Water Changes

• Evaporation is the process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas.

Heat Transfer

• Heat energy transfers from hot objects to cold objects.

College Station's Temperature

• The sun sets around 8:15 PM and rises around 6:15 AM in College Station, Texas, during June.
• Low temperatures are typically observed around sunrise.
• This is due to loss of energy from the environment.

Greenhouse Effect

• Water vapor and carbon dioxide are the main greenhouse gases.
• Downward-emitted longwave radiation from the atmosphere is partially responsible for the greenhouse effect.

Temperature and Humidity

• Cities with high relative humidity may have higher minimum temperatures.
• Cities with lower humidity may have lower minimum temperatures.

Aurora

• Auroras are produced by fast-moving charged particles colliding with air molecules.

Cloud Formation and Types

• Clouds in the nighttime are detectable by infrared imagery.
• Valley areas are most susceptible to radiation fog formation.
• Cirrus, cirrostratus, and cirrocumulus clouds are primarily composed of ice crystals.
• Cloud types such as anvil (a), lenticular (b), and mammatus (c) are characterized by distinctive shapes.
• Advection fog forms when warm, moist air moves over a cold surface.
• Evaporation fog forms when cold air overlays warm water, and radiation fog forms on clear nights.
• Convective, frontal, and orographic lifting processes are involved in cloud formation.

Atmospheric Temperature and Pressure

• The environmental lapse rate is the rate at which air temperature changes with altitude.
• Stable atmospheres result from an air parcel sinking back to its original position.
• Unstable conditions in the atmosphere lead to an air parcel rising, with conditional stability conditions allowing for a rise to occur once the surface is warmed.
• The temperature inversion is a phenomenon in which the temperature increases with increasing height in the atmosphere.

Other Meteorological Topics

• The terminal velocity of a hailstone is relative to its size and only develops with strong updrafts.
• Different cloud types are associated with specific weather patterns, such as cumulonimbus clouds associated with thunderstorms.
• The conditions of cold and dry air in relation to saturated and warm air can lead to conditional instability.
• Ice crystals in clouds can grow larger through Bergeron process, and freezing rain occurs when the air temperature near Earth's surface is slightly above freezing.