21 Questions
Which health system model has the least state involvement in funding or provision?
Private Insurance model
What is the primary funding mechanism for the Social Solidarity model?
Employer and individual contributions through non-profit insurance funds
Which model is characterized by open-ended access to all needed health care services given free at the point of use?
National Health Service model
Which model is funded out of general taxation?
National Health Service model
In the Private Insurance model, who owns or controls the factors of production?
Private individuals or companies
What is the primary characteristic of the National Health Service model?
State-owned and controlled factors of production
What is a major problem in the British health system?
Gate-keeping system that prolongs Treatment Admission Time (TAT)
What is a critical function of financing in healthcare systems?
Raising and allocating funds
What is a key aspect of service provision in healthcare systems?
Mix of healthcare providers
What is a critical function of governance and regulation in healthcare systems?
Modes of coordinating health systems and stakeholders
In the State healthcare system, non-government actors play a significant role in financing.
False
Private healthcare systems are characterized by non-profit providers.
False
Raising and allocating funds is a critical function of service provision.
False
Government capacity and authority are key aspects of service provision.
False
The gate-keeping system in the British health system helps reduce waiting times.
False
In the Private Insurance model, healthcare providers are largely owned by the state.
False
The National Health Service model is characterized by universal health insurance coverage.
True
The Social Solidarity model is funded solely by employer contributions.
False
The Private Insurance model relies on market forces for funding and provision of healthcare.
True
The National Health Service model is also known as the Social Solidarity model.
False
In the National Health Service model, healthcare services are only provided by private providers.
False
Study Notes
Classification of Health Systems based on Organization or Institutional Context (OECD)
-
Private Insurance model (Consumer Sovereignty model):
-
Least state involvement in funding or provision
-
Characterized by purchase of private health insurance financed by employers and/or individuals
-
Largely based on private ownership of health care providers and the factors of production
-
Funding and provision of health care are generally left to market forces
-
Social Solidarity model:
-
Characterized by universal health insurance coverage
-
Generally funded by a combination of employer and individual contribution through non-profit insurance funds
-
Provision of health services may be private or public
-
National health insurance – a variation of the model with funding jointly coming from payroll taxes, government subsidies and individual premiums
-
National Health Service model (Beveridgean model):
-
Characterized by universal coverage funded out of general taxation
-
Generally open-ended access to all needed health care services given free at the point of use
-
Provision of health care services is administered by the state which either owns or controls the factors of production and delivery
-
Examples: British health system, Russia
Classification of Health Systems based on Role of State in Financing, Service Provision, and Regulation (Wendt et al. 2009)
- Country health system model:
- Financing: State, Societal, Private
- Service Provision: State, Societal, Private
- Governance and Regulation: State, Societal, Private
Description of Health Sub-Systems
Financing
- Raising and allocating funds
- Control of resources
Provision
- Means of delivery of health services
- Range of services
- Levels of choice
- Types of providers (public or private, profit or non-profit)
- Mix of providers
Governance and Regulation
- Modes of coordinating health systems and stakeholders/actors (public or private, central or local)
- Government capacity and authority
Classification of Health Systems based on Organization or Institutional Context (OECD)
-
Private Insurance model (Consumer Sovereignty model):
-
Least state involvement in funding or provision
-
Characterized by purchase of private health insurance financed by employers and/or individuals
-
Largely based on private ownership of health care providers and the factors of production
-
Funding and provision of health care are generally left to market forces
-
Social Solidarity model:
-
Characterized by universal health insurance coverage
-
Generally funded by a combination of employer and individual contribution through non-profit insurance funds
-
Provision of health services may be private or public
-
National health insurance – a variation of the model with funding jointly coming from payroll taxes, government subsidies and individual premiums
-
National Health Service model (Beveridgean model):
-
Characterized by universal coverage funded out of general taxation
-
Generally open-ended access to all needed health care services given free at the point of use
-
Provision of health care services is administered by the state which either owns or controls the factors of production and delivery
-
Examples: British health system, Russia
Classification of Health Systems based on Role of State in Financing, Service Provision, and Regulation (Wendt et al. 2009)
- Country health system model:
- Financing: State, Societal, Private
- Service Provision: State, Societal, Private
- Governance and Regulation: State, Societal, Private
Description of Health Sub-Systems
Financing
- Raising and allocating funds
- Control of resources
Provision
- Means of delivery of health services
- Range of services
- Levels of choice
- Types of providers (public or private, profit or non-profit)
- Mix of providers
Governance and Regulation
- Modes of coordinating health systems and stakeholders/actors (public or private, central or local)
- Government capacity and authority
This quiz covers the classification of health systems based on organization or institutional context by OECD, including private insurance models and consumer sovereignty.
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